Materials that open in the heat of the moment

Temperature control of pore sizes in nanomaterials could lead to improved gas separation and storage applications.

Butterfly-shaped ligands were the key to designing a material that can selectively absorb and store different gas molecules.

Kyoto University researchers have designed a temperature-controllable copper-based material for sieving or storing different kinds of gases. The rationale used to design the material, described in the journal Science, could act as a blueprint for developing nanoporous materials with a wide variety of energy, medical and environmental applications.

The porous nanomaterials that are currently used for gas separation and storage are not tuneable: their pores are persistent and rigid. Susumu Kitagawa, Nobuhiko Hosono, and their colleagues of Kyoto University’s Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS) wanted to find a way to dynamically change pore sizes in this type of material.

They designed a porous coordination polymer that was formed of copper atoms linked by butterfly-shaped ligands made from isophthalic acid and phenothiazine-5,5-dioxide. The resultant material was comprised of tiny nanocages, each with eight protruding channels. At very low temperatures, the channels connecting the nanocages were so narrow that they were effectively closed. As the temperature was increased, the channels opened more and more, allowing gas molecules to move between the cages.

The team found that a gas could move or become locked within the material depending on the size of the gas’s molecules and how wide the material’s channels were at a given temperature. They also found that the material adsorbed a gas at high temperatures and held it in when ambient temperatures were applied, effectively storing the gas. Furthermore, when the researchers applied gas mixtures to the material, they found they could separate the gases based on the temperature applied.

For example, the material selectively adsorbed oxygen when a gas mixture of equal concentrations of oxygen and argon was applied for one hour at a temperature of –93°C and a pressure of one bar. The material selectively adsorbed oxygen even when the argon concentration in the mixture was significantly higher than that of the oxygen. “The presented porous system that uses a robust framework with thermally active molecular functionality realizes temperature-regulated gas adsorption/desorption by design, in which local flexibility at the aperture plays a pivotal role,” the researchers conclude.

For more information about this research, contact

Nobuhiko Hosono
[email protected]

DOI: 10.1126/science.aar6833

About Kyoto University’s Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS) At iCeMS, our mission is to explore the secrets of life by creating compounds to control cells, and further down the road to create life-inspired super materials that confront the myriad problems that afflict modern society. In only a decade, collaborative research at iCeMS has resulted in significant cutting-edge scientific discoveries, and the creation of over 1500 unique materials. We will keep turning our inspirations into purposeful, transformative innovations for the practical benefit of society.

For more information about iCeMS, contact

Mari Toyama
[email protected]

Published: 24 Jan 2019

Contact details:

Communication Design Unit

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DOI: 10.1126/science.aar6833
Paper: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/363/6425/387