NATURE AND THE NATURE RESEARCH JOURNALS PRESS RELEASE
For papers that will be published online on 12 August 2012
This press release contains:
· Summaries of newsworthy papers:
Neuroscience: Smells the same
Nature: Potential therapeutic targets for Burkitt’s lymphoma
Climate Change: Health risks of landscape fires
Geoscience: Slash and burn legacy
Climate Change: Urban Heat
Climate Change: Frog disease in an unpredictable climate
Geoscience: Ancient ocean sulphide poisoning
Genetics: Variants associated with type 2 diabetes, glycemic traits
And finally…Nanotechnology: Colour printing at its best
· Mention of papers to be published at the same time with the same embargo
· Geographical listing of authors
[1] Neuroscience: Smells the same
DOI: 10.1038/nn.3186
When the sense of smell is blocked, brain activity in response to scents changes, though these changes are quickly reversed once the sense of smell is restored. Previous work had suggested that the olfactory system was relatively resistant to perceptual changes following odor deprivation, however, a paper published this week in Nature Neuroscience suggests that this stability is actually due to rapid compensatory changes in the brain.
Keng Nei Wu and colleagues limited odor input to participants by completely blocking their nostrils, and having them spend a week in a low-odor ward of a hospital. The perception of odor before and immediately after the experience of olfactory deprivation was largely unchanged. However, brain activation in response to odors had changed. Following deprivation, participants had increased activation in the orbitofrontal cortex and decreased activation in the primary olfactory cortex. The authors state that this combination of changes may have sustained the perceptual stability.
A week after the deprivation experience, brain responses to odors had returned to pre-experimental levels, suggesting that deprivation-induced changes are rapidly reversed. Such a rapid reversal is quite different from other sensory systems, such as sight, which typically have long lasting effect to deprivation. It has been suggested that the olfactory system is different because deprivation due to viral infection or allergies is not uncommon.
Author contact:
Keng Nei Wu (Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA)
Tel: +1 312 503 3085; E-mail: [email protected]
[2] Nature: Potential therapeutic targets for Burkitt’s lymphoma
DOI: 10.1038/nature11378
Essential regulatory pathways for Burkitt’s lymphoma that might represent potential therapeutic targets for this rare form of cancer are identified in a paper published in Nature. Strategies that use targeted therapies could provide a more effective and less toxic treatment for Burkitt’s lymphoma.
Louis Staudt and colleagues discovered highly recurrent mutations in Burkitt’s lymphoma that are implicated in pathways that cause cancer. They find that 70% of sporadic Burkitt lymphoma cases have mutations of the transcription factor TCF3 or its negative regulator ID3. TCF3 signalling is shown to promote tumour cell survival and tumour growth. The researchers also identify frequent mutations in the CCND3 gene that drives cell proliferation; these mutations are found in 38% of patients with a sporadic subtype of Burkitt’s lymphoma.
Although intensive chemotherapy can cure Burkitt’s lymphoma, the toxicity these therapies means that this treatment is not suitable for more vulnerable patients, such as the elderly or patients in developing countries who have the endemic form the disease. The authors hope that the insights gained in their study will prompt the clinical evaluation of drugs that target the pathways highlighted, offering opportunities to improve therapy for patients with Burkitt’s lymphoma.
Author contact:
Louis Staudt (National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA)
Tel: +1 301 496 1892; E-mail: [email protected]
[3] Climate Change: Health risks of landscape fires
DOI: 10.1038/nclimate1658
El Niño years increase the incidence of landscape fires, resulting in an additional 200 days per year when atmospheric particle targets are exceeded and increase adult mortality by about two per cent. The findings, reported this week in Nature Climate Change, have implications for global public health.
Miriam Marlier and colleagues use satellite-derived fire estimates and atmospheric modelling to quantify health effects of regional land fires in southeast Asia between 1997 and 2006. They show that the fire emissions for El Niño years in that period repeatedly exposed up to 11% of the population to atmospheric particles and ozone levels above the World Health Organization’s interim targets. The authors suggest that reducing regional deforestation and degradation — and thereby forest fires caused by land-use change — would therefore improve public health.
Author contact:
Miriam Marlier (Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA)
Tel: +1 805 459 0384; E-mail: [email protected]
[4] Geoscience: Slash and burn legacy
DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1541
A relict forest biome, once covering a large tract of Brazil, continues to export significant quantities of charred carbon to the ocean each year, reports a study published online this week in Nature Geoscience. On entering the deep ocean, charred carbon remains largely resistant to degradation, and release into the atmosphere, on timescales of centuries to millennia.
Before being destroyed by slash and burn practices, Brazil’s Atlantic Forest was one of the largest tropical forest biomes on Earth. Thorsten Dittmar and colleagues combined historical records of land cover with satellite data to assess the amount of charred carbon generated by the burning of this biome, which started in the sixteenth century and ceased in 1973. They estimate that burning generated 200–500 million tonnes of charred carbon. Measurements from a river draining the region show that significant quantities of this charred carbon continue to be exported to the ocean each year.
Author contact:
Thorsten Dittmar (Oldenburg University, Germany)
Tel: +49 441 798 3602; E-mail: [email protected]
[5] Climate Change: Urban Heat
DOI: 10.1038/nclimate1656
The expansion of megapolitan regions, such as the Arizona Sun Corridor, could result in regional temperature rises of up to four degrees Celsius by 2050, reports a study published online this week in Nature Climate Change. These findings contribute to the understanding of urban heat islands — increased temperature in urbanized centres relative to the surrounding region — and the effectiveness of new technologies to counter this effect.
Matei Georgescu and colleagues modelled urban expansion in the Sun Corridor of Arizona. They find that temperatures and hydrological balances are affected by urban expansion, with diurnal temperature ranges narrowing. Temperature increases are dependent on the type of urban development, but are typically greater than one degree Celsius. However, installation of cool roof technologies can significantly reduce the warming effect.
Author contact:
Matei Georgescu (Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA)
Tel: +1 480 965 6852; E-mail: [email protected]
[6] Climate Change: Frog disease in an unpredictable climate
DOI: 10.1038/nclimate1659
Unpredictable daily and monthly temperature fluctuations decrease frogs’ resistance to the pathogenic chytrid fungus, which is thought to be responsible for dramatic declines in amphibian population around the world. The findings, published online this week in Nature Climate Change, warn that if similar acclimation responses influence other host–parasite systems, then ignoring the effect of temperature variability might lead to poor predictions of climate change effects on disease.
Few studies have considered the effects of changes in climatic variability on disease incidence in animals. Thomas Raffell and co-workers address this using laboratory experiments and field data from Latin America. They find that frog susceptibility to the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is influenced by temperature variation and its degree of predictability, with more unpredictable changes limiting opportunities for adaptive behaviour.
They note that the response of the fungus on frogs was opposite to the pattern of growth in laboratory cultures, demonstrating the importance of host–parasite interaction in determining disease dynamics.
Author contact:
Thomas Raffel (Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA)
Tel: +1 717 254 8192; E-mail: [email protected]
[7] Geoscience: Ancient ocean sulphide poisoning
DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1539
Shallow oceans were poisoned by hydrogen sulphide during a mass extinction event at the end of the Triassic period, 201 million years ago, reports a paper published online this week in Nature Geoscience. The poisoning may have slowed the recovery of marine ecosystems during the early Jurassic period.
Bas van de Schootbrugge and colleagues pieced together shallow marine ecosystems during the extinction at the end of the Triassic period, using information stored in rocks formed at the time. They find evidence of a bacterium that thrives on hydrogen sulphide, indicative of a hydrogen-sulphide-rich ocean. Although these particular bacteria thrive on it, hydrogen sulphide is poisonous to most marine organisms, many of which are known to have gone extinct during this period.
Author contact:
Bas van de Schootbrugge (Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany)
Tel: +49 69 798 40178; E-mail: [email protected]
[8] & [9] Genetics: Variants associated with type 2 diabetes, glycemic traits
DOI: 10.1038/ng.2383
DOI: 10.1038/ng.2385
Genetic variants newly associated with type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits are reported in two studies this week in Nature Genetics.
Mark McCarthy and colleagues report a large-scale association analysis including 34,840 individuals with type 2 diabetes and 114,981 controls. They identify 10 genomic regions newly associated with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes, adding to the 56 previously reported loci. Their analysis suggests pathways including those associated with cell cycle regulation, adipocytokine protein signaling, and CREBBP-related transcription are involved in diabetes pathogenesis.
Inês Barroso and colleagues report a large-scale association analyses for glycemic traits in up to 133,010 individuals of European ancestry without diabetes. They identify 41 new associations to glycemic traits, which include fasting glucose concentration, fasting insulin concentration, and glucose concentration two hours after an oral glucose challenge. This brings to 53 the number of genomic regions associated with glycemic traits, and the authors show that 33 of these are also associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
Author contacts:
Mark McCarthy (Oxford University, UK) Author paper [8]
Tel: +44 1865 857298; E-mail: [email protected]
Inês Barroso (Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK) Author paper [9]
Tel: +44 1223 834244; E-mail: [email protected]
[10] And finally…Nanotechnology: Colour printing at its best
DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2012.128
A method for printing colours at the highest possible resolution is reported in a paper published online this week in Nature Nanotechnology. The resolution of about 100,000 dots per inch could be useful for high-resolution printing for security purposes or for high-density optical data storage.
Joel Yang and co-workers demonstrate colours that arise from the light scattered back from silver nanodisks that are raised above a silver plane acting as a back-reflector. The diameter of the nanodisks and their separation encode for the reflected colour. An individual colour pixel shown in this work is made of a two-by-two array of these nanodisks. As a striking example for their technique, the team recreated the details and shades of the famous Lena test image.
The resolution achieved by the team surpasses that of earlier attempts by around 10 times thanks to directional back-reflection, as opposed to random scattering, exhibited by the disk–back-reflector nanoarchitecture, which supports plasmon resonances from silver.
Author contacts:
Joel Yang (Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Singapore)
Tel: +65 83825578; E-mail: [email protected]
Teri Odom (Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA) N&V author
Tel: +1 847 491 7674; E-mail: [email protected]
************************************************************************
Items from other Nature journals to be published online at the same time and with the same embargo:
Nature (http://www.nature.com/nature)
[11] HDAC8 mutations in Cornelia de Lange syndrome affect the cohesin acetylation cycle
DOI: 10.1038/nature11316
[12] Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is driven by antigen-independent cell-autonomous signalling
DOI: 10.1038/nature11309
[13] Phosphorylation of NLRC4 is critical for inflammasome activation
DOI: 10.1038/nature11429
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY (http://www.nature.com/naturebiotechnology)
[14] Combinatorial discovery of polymers resistant to bacterial attachment
DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2316
NATURE CELL BIOLOGY (http://www.nature.com/naturecellbiology)
[15] Mechanical force regulates integrin turnover in Drosophila in vivo
DOI: 10.1038/ncb2555
[16] Clathrin and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate regulate autophagic lysosome reformation
DOI: 10.1038/ncb2557
NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY (http://www.nature.com/nchembio)
[17] A role for the root cap in root branching revealed by the non-auxin probe naxillin
DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1044
NATURE CHEMISTRY (http://www.nature.com/nchem)
[18] Understanding and controlling the substrate effect on graphene electron-transfer chemistry via reactivity imprint lithography
DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1421
[19] Dark channel fluorescence observations result from concentration effects rather than solvent–solute charge transfer
DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1430
[20] Dips and peaks in fluorescence yield X-ray absorption are due to state-dependent decay
DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1431
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE (http://www.nature.com/nclimate)
[21] Stratospheric aerosol particles and solar-radiation management
DOI: 10.1038/nclimate1528
[22] Self-interest and pro-environmental behaviour
DOI: 10.1038/nclimate1662
NATURE GENETICS (http://www.nature.com/naturegenetics)
[23] Genome-wide association study identifies eight new risk loci for polycystic ovary syndrome
DOI: 10.1038/ng.2384
[24] Lifestyle transitions in plant pathogenic Colletotrichum fungi deciphered by genome and transcriptome analyses
DOI: 10.1038/ng.2372
NATURE GEOSCIENCE (http://www.nature.com/ngeo)
[25] Regional climate control of glaciers in New Zealand and Europe during the pre-industrial Holocene
DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1548
[26] Bimodal Plio–Quaternary glacial erosion of fjords and low-relief surfaces in Scandinavia
DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1549
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (http://www.nature.com/natureimmunology)
[27] Mouse Hobit is a homolog of the transcriptional repressor Blimp-1 that regulates NKT cell effector differentiation
DOI: 10.1038/ni.2393
[28] Cytomegalovirus and tumor stress surveillance by binding of a human gamma-delta T cell antigen receptor to endothelial protein C receptor
DOI: 10.1038/ni.2394
NATURE MATERIALS (http://www.nature.com/naturematerials)
[29] Atomic origins of the high catalytic activity of nanoporous gold
DOI: 10.1038/nmat3391
[30] Multiferroicity in an organic charge-transfer salt that is suggestive of electric-dipole-driven magnetism
DOI: 10.1038/nmat3400
[31] Quantum effect on thermally activated glide of dislocations
DOI: 10.1038/nmat3401
[32] Van der Waals interactions at metal/organic interfaces at the single-molecule level
DOI: 10.1038/nmat3403
Nature MEDICINE (http://www.nature.com/naturemedicine)
[33] Decreased expression of synapse-related genes and loss of synapses in major depressive disorder
DOI: 10.1038/nm.2886
NATURE METHODS (http://www.nature.com/nmeth)
[34] Accurate gene synthesis with tag-directed retrieval of sequence-verified DNA molecules
DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2137
[35] Fractional proliferation: a method to deconvolve cell population dynamics from single-cell data
DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2138
Nature NEUROSCIENCE (http://www.nature.com/natureneuroscience)
[36] Neural encoding of competitive effort in the anterior cingulate cortex
DOI: 10.1038/nn.3187
[37] MEF2 negatively regulates learning-induced structural plasticity and memory formation
DOI: 10.1038/nn.3189
[38] Experience-dependent regulation of NG2 progenitors in the developing barrel cortex
DOI: 10.1038/nn.3190
NATURE PHOTONICS (http://www.nature.com/nphoton)
[39] Ultrafast all-optical switching by single photons
DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2012.181
[40] Sapphire-derived all-glass optical fibres
DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2012.182
[41 Three-dimensional coherent X-ray surface scattering imaging near total external reflection
DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2012.178
[42] Demonstration of self-seeding in a hard-X-ray free-electron laser
DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2012.180
Nature PHYSICS (http://www.nature.com/naturephysics)
[43] Control of interfacial instabilities using flow geometry
DOI: 10.1038/nphys2396
[44] Direct mapping of the formation of a persistent spin helix
DOI: 10.1038/nphys2383
[45] Decrease of upper critical field with underdoping in cuprate superconductors
DOI: 10.1038/nphys2380
Nature STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (http://www.nature.com/natstructmolbiol)
[46] H2B Tyr37 phosphorylation suppresses expression of replication-dependent core histone genes
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2356
[47] RNA cytosine methylation by Dnmt2 and NSun2 promotes tRNA stability and protein synthesis
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2357
[48] The structure of purified kinetochores reveals multiple microtubule-attachment sites
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2358
[49] The Rad1-Rad10 nuclease promotes chromosome translocations between dispersed repeats
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2359
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GEOGRAPHICAL LISTING OF AUTHORS
The following list of places refers to the whereabouts of authors on the papers numbered in this release. The listing may be for an author's main affiliation, or for a place where they are working temporarily. Please see the PDF of the paper for full details.
AUSTRALIA
Nedlands: 8, 9
Parkville: 27
AUSTRIA
Graz: 7
BELGIUM
Antwerp: 11
Ghent: 11, 13, 17
BRAZIL
Rio Claro: 30
Rio de Janeiro: 4
CANADA:
London: 11
Saskatoon: 19
Sherbrooke: 45
Toronto: 37, 45
Vancouver: 2, 15
Waterloo: 19
CHINA
Anqui: 23
Beijing: 16, 23
Fudan: 23
Guangzhou: 23
Hefei: 23
Linyi: 23
Jinan: 23
Nanjing: 23
Nanning: 23
Qingdao: 23
Shanghai: 23, 29
Shenyang: 23
Weifang: 23
Wenzhou: 23
Wuhan: 23
Xi’an: 23
Yinchuan: 23
CROATIA
Rijeka: 27
DENMARK
Aalborg Ost: 11
Copenhagen: 7
FINLAND
Helsinki: 8
Jyvaskyla: 8
Kuopio: 8
Oulu: 8
Tampere: 8
FRANCE
Bordeaux: 28
Caen: 45
Gif-sur-Yvette: 31
Paris: 38
Rennes: 11
GERMANY
Augsburg: 30
Berlin: 12
Bonn: 8
Dresden: 8, 11
Dusseldorf: 8, 9
Frankfurt: 7, 30
Freiburg: 12
Hannover: 7
Heidelberg: 47
Leipzig: 9
Lubeck: 11
Mainz: 47
Munich: 9
Neuherberg: 9
Oldenburg: 4
Stuttgart: 2
Wurzburg: 2
GREECE
Athens: 11
HUNGARY
Szeged: 33
ICELAND
Reykjavik: 9
ISRAEL
Ramat Aviv: 49
ITALY
Milan: 8
Rome: 37
JAPAN
Kyoto: 30
Nagoya: 29
Saitama: 29
Sendai: 29
Tokyo: 11, 45
Tsukuba: 18
Wako: 45
Yokohama: 11, 24
KOREA
Daejeon: 37
Gwangju: 18
Seoul: 33
NETHERLANDS
Amsterdam: 8, 9, 27
Groningen: 2, 9
Leiden: 9, 12
Utrecht: 20
Wageningen: 17
NEW ZEALAND
Dunedin: 25, 36
Hawea: 25
Wellington: 22, 25
NORWAY
Levanger: 8
Oslo: 2, 25
RUSSIA
Troitsk: 42
SINGAPORE
Singapore: 8, 10
SPAIN
Barcelona: 2
Madrid: 8
SWEDEN
Malmo: 8
Stockholm: 9
Uppsala: 8
SWITZERLAND
Rueschlikon: 44
Villigen: 45
Zurich: 39, 44
UGANDA
Gulu: 2
UNITED KINGDOM
Birmingham: 2, 21, 28
Bristol: 21
Cardiff: 22
Cambridge: 8, 9, 21, 47
Edinburgh: 30
Exeter: 8
Leeds: 7, 17
London: 3, 8, 9, 28
Nottingham: 14
Onchan: 21
Oxford: 8, 9, 21, 48
York: 17, 29
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Arizona
Tempe: 5
Tucson: 2
California
Berkeley: 15, 25, 42
Irvine: 3
Pasadena: 17
San Francisco: 13
Stanford: 13, 42
Colorado
Boulder: 5
Connecticut
New Haven: 33
District of Columbia
Washington: 38
Florida
Tampa: 6, 46
Georgia
Savannah: 4
Illinois
Argonne: 30, 41, 42
Chicago: 1, 9
Evanston: 1
Urbana: 40
Maine
Orono: 25
Maryland
Baltimore: 8, 9, 29
Bethesda: 2, 8
Rockville: 2
Massachusetts
Boston: 8
Cambridge: 8, 14, 18, 37, 39
Charlestown: 49
Framingham: 8
Michigan
Ann Arbor: 9
Rochester: 6
Minnesota
St Paul: 17
Mississippi
Jackson: 33
Missouri
St Louis: 17
Nebraska
Omaha: 2
New Jersey
Princeton: 43
New York
New York: 3, 8, 25, 49
Palisades: 3, 25
Rochester: 2, 39
North Carolina
Chapel Hill: 8
Winston-Salem: 9
Ohio
Cleveland: 2
Oklahoma
Stillwater: 7
Oregon
Portland: 2
Pennsylvania
Philadelphia: 11
South Carolina
Anderson: 40
Charleston: 14
Tennessee
Nashville: 35
Texas
College Station: 24
Houston: 8, 17
Virginia
Ashburn: 48
Washington
Seattle: 34, 48
PRESS CONTACTS…
For media inquiries relating to embargo policy for all the Nature Research Journals:
Rachel Twinn (Nature London)
Tel: +44 20 7843 4658; E-mail: [email protected]
Neda Afsarmanesh (Nature New York)
Tel: +1 212 726 9231; E-mail: [email protected]
Eiji Matsuda (Nature Tokyo)
Tel: +81 3 3267 8751; E-mail: [email protected]
For media inquiries relating to editorial content/policy for the Nature Research Journals, please contact the journals individually:
Nature Biotechnology (New York)
Michael Francisco
Tel: +1 212 726 9288; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Cell Biology (London)
Sowmya Swaminathan
Tel: +44 20 7843 4656; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Chemical Biology (Boston)
Kim Tolleson
Tel: +1 617 475 9241, E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Chemistry (London)
Stuart Cantrill
Tel: +44 20 7014 4018; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Climate Change (London)
Rory Howlett
Tel: +44 20 7014 4009; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Genetics (New York)
Myles Axton
Tel: +1 212 726 9324; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Geoscience (London)
Heike Langenberg
Tel: +44 20 7843 4042; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Immunology (New York)
Laurie Dempsey
Tel: +1 212 726 9372; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Materials (London)
Vincent Dusastre
Tel: +44 20 7843 4531; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Medicine (New York)
Juan Carlos Lopez
Tel: +1 212 726 9325; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Methods (New York)
Ray Parker
Tel: +1 212 726 9627; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Nanotechnology (London)
Peter Rodgers
Tel: +44 20 7014 4019; Email: [email protected]
Nature Neuroscience (New York)
Kalyani Narasimhan
Tel: +1 212 726 9319; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Photonics (Tokyo)
Oliver Graydon
Tel: +81 3 3267 8776; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Physics (London)
Alison Wright
Tel: +44 20 7843 4555; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology (New York)
Michelle Montoya
Tel: +1 212 726 9331; E-mail: [email protected]
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