This press release contains a summaries of newsworthy papers:
- Medicine: Treating snakebite
- Chemical Biology: Plutonium poisoning
- Nanotechnology: Turning the heat up on cancer
- Neuroscience: Reversing brain damage in neonates
- Geoscience: Insensitive climate models
- Nature: Editing the genome to correct genetic diseases
- Genetics: Variants associated with adiposity
- Climate Change: The water sector – a thirsty business
- Medicine: Making tumors BRCAless
- Geoscience: Flood-induced earthquakes on the southern San Andreas fault
- Immunology: Reversing the trend
- And finally…Neuroscience: If birds could talk?
Also, a mention of papers to be published and the geographical listing of authors
PDFs of all the papers mentioned on this release can be found in the relevant journal’s section of http://press.nature.com. Press contacts for the Nature journals are listed at the end of this release.
Warning: This document, and the Nature journal papers to which it refers, may contain information that is price sensitive (as legally defined, for example, in the UK Criminal Justice Act 1993 Part V) with respect to publicly quoted companies. Anyone dealing in securities using information contained in this document, or in advance copies of a Nature journal’s content, may be guilty of insider trading under the US Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
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[1] Medicine: Treating snakebite
DOI: 10.1038/nm.2382
A drug that interferes with the pumping action of lymphatic vessels could be useful for treating snakebite, reports a study published online this week in Nature Medicine. By delaying transit of the snakebite toxin through the lymphatic system, this drug could give snakebite victims more time to obtain medical care.
Each year, snakebite accounts for an estimated 100,000 deaths and 400,000 amputations worldwide. Many snake venoms contain large toxin molecules that can gain access to the blood only by being transported from the site of the bite through lymphatic vessels.
Dirk van Helden and his colleagues found that when rats were injected with snake venom, their survival time increased by 50% if they received an ointment containing glyceryl trinitrate, which is used for the treatment of heart failure. As the ointment slowed down the transport of the venom in the lymphatic system of the rats, the authors applied this ointment to healthy human volunteers together with a radiolabeled tracer. They found that the tracer’s transport was similarly slowed down within the lymphatic system of people. The authors conclude that using this ointment, survival times in humans receiving a fatal venom dose may also increase by 50%, giving victims more time to obtain medical help.
Author contact:
Dirk van Helden (University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia)
Tel: + 61 2 4921 5623; E-mail: [email protected]
[2] Chemical Biology: Plutonium poisoning
DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.594
Insight into how cells in the body take up the radioactive element plutonium is provided in a paper published this week in Nature Chemical Biology. Given the recent damage to the Fukushima nuclear reactors in Japan and the use of plutonium-containing fuels in nuclear reactors outside of Japan, this study may help scientists explore strategies to minimize the uptake of plutonium by human cells exposed to plutonium contamination in the environment.
Plutonium is a largely manmade element that is toxic to humans. It was suspected that plutonium, which shares some chemical characteristics with iron, can be taken up by the same pathways that cells use to acquire the mineral nutrient.
Mark Jensen and colleagues demonstrate that this is indeed the case, but with one important caveat. The transporter protein that carries iron into cells can only enter cells if both lobes of the protein, which contain the iron-binding sites, can close. Unexpectedly, only one of these lobes can close upon binding to plutonium, so the cellular uptake of plutonium requires assistance from iron binding to the other lobe.
Author contact:
Mark Jensen (Argonne National Laboratory, IL, USA)
Tel +1 630 252 3670; E-mail: [email protected]
[3] Nanotechnology: Turning the heat up on cancer
DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2011.95
A drug-free and non-invasive cancer treatment based on nanoparticles may be superior to conventional treatments in certain cases, reports a paper published online this week in Nature Nanotechnology.
Jinwoo Cheon and colleagues injected metal oxide nanoparticles into tumours in mice and heated them up by exposing them to radiofrequency waves, causing the destruction of the tumour. By comparison, a standard chemotherapy treatment was not as successful in destroying the tumour.
The key to the success of the new treatment was the very high efficiency with which the nanoparticles converted absorbed electromagnetic waves into heat. This efficiency was achieved by building the nanoparticles from two different magnetic materials in a core–shell arrangement, which allowed their magnetic properties to be finely tuned.
Author contact:
Jinwoo Cheon (Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea)
Tel: +82 2 2123 5631; E-mail: [email protected]
[4] Neuroscience: Reversing brain damage in neonates
DOI: 10.1038/nn.2855
Brain damage associated with oxygen deprivation in neonatal mice can be partly reversed with specific pharmacological intervention, reports a study published online this week in Nature Neuroscience. This work identifies a possible new therapeutic target for drug development to promote myelin formation in the neonatal and adult brain.
White matter injury, as seen in cerebral palsy or in oxygen deprivation before or during birth is characterized by the inability of oligodendrocytes, a type of neuronal support cell, to change into myelin-forming cells; there is currently no therapy to overcome this deficit. A similar deficit in the ability to form new myelin cells is seen in adults suffering from multiple sclerosis.
David Rowitch and colleagues found that a protein called Axin2 is expressed in white matter injuries in human neonates and in multiple sclerosis lesions. The authors tested a drug that stabilizes the Axin protein in oxygen-deprived neonatal mice and found that it can promote oligodendrocyte function. This treatment also promoted re-myelination of the white matter tract in cultured cells from mice following hypoxic injury.
Author contact:
David Rowitch (University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA)
Tel: +1 415 476 7242; E-mail: [email protected]
[5] Geoscience: Insensitive climate models
DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1200
State-of-the-art climate models, as used in the assessments of the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change, could be giving a false sense of security in terms of upcoming abrupt change, suggests a Commentary online this week in Nature Geoscience.
Paul Valdes discusses four examples of abrupt climate change spanning the past 55 million years that have been reconstructed from palaeoclimate data. In two of the cases, complex climate models used in the assessments of future climate change did not adequately simulate the conditions before the onset of change. In the other two cases, the models needed an unrealistically strong push to produce a change similar to that observed in records of past climate.
The author concludes that state-of-the-art climate models may be systematically underestimating the potential for sudden climate change.
Author contact:
Paul Valdes (University of Bristol, UK)
Tel: +44 117 3317222; E-mail: [email protected]
[6] Nature: Editing the genome to correct genetic diseases
DOI: 10.1038/nature10177
A strategy to correct the blood-clotting disorder haemophilia is demonstrated in mice in this week’s Nature. According to the research, targeted editing of the genes involved can be done in vivo and is sufficient to correct the prolonged clotting times in a mouse model of haemophilia B.
Direct genome editing offers a promising approach for the treatment of genetic disorders by correcting mutant genes and restoring normal gene function. Zinc finger nucleases have been shown to induce double-strand breaks in specifically selected genomic locations and stimulate genome editing in cultured cells. Katherine High and colleagues now show that zinc finger nucleases can stimulate gene editing to a clinically meaningful level in vivo. In mouse models of haemophilia B treated with this approach, the extent of gene correction is sufficient to raise levels of the human blood coagulation factor XI, thus restoring haemostasis.
These results show that it is possible to correct a disease-causing mutation in vivo, without ex vivo manipulation of target cells, suggesting that genome editing is a viable prospect for treating genetic disease.
Author contact:
Katherine High (The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA)
Tel: +1 215 590 4521; E-mail: [email protected]
[7] Genetics: Variants associated with adiposity
DOI: 10.1038/ng.866
Genetic variants associated with adiposity, a measure of body fat percentage, are reported this week in Nature Genetics. Adiposity is a risk factor for common metabolic disorders including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
Ruth Loos and colleagues report a meta-analysis of genome-wide association study for adiposity in 36,626 individuals, with replication studies in an additional 39,576 individuals. They identify two genomic regions newly associated with adiposity. The variants at one of these regions, near IRS1, are associated with lower body fat percentage in men, and specifically with lower levels of subcutaneous fat. Notably, the variants near IRS1 that are associated with reduced adiposity have previously been associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. They suggest that the mechanism for the IRS1 association with type 2 diabetes may act through the ability to store subcutaneous fat in men.
Author contact:
Ruth Loos (MRC Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge, UK)
Tel: +44 1223 769139; E-mail: [email protected]
[8] Climate Change: The water sector – a thirsty business
DOI: 10.1038/nclimate1147
The water industry expends much energy in the process of abstraction, transport and treatment of fresh water and wastewater, as concluded in a review published online this week in Nature Climate Change.
Much attention has been given to the need for sustainable water resource management, but far less to the growing energy use and associated greenhouse-gas emissions from the water sector.
The authors Sabrina Rothausen and Declan Conway quantify energy use in the water sector and detail the extent of current knowledge on emissions from wastewater and agricultural water use. Transparency in the water industry’s energy use is likely to be important for the industry to meet its carbon-reduction commitments while responding to other measures of sustainability, such as the need for stricter quality standards and increasing demand.
Author contacts:
Sabrina Rothausen (University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK)
Tel: +44 1603 592885; E-mail: [email protected]
Declan Conway (University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK)
Tel: +44 1603 592885; E-mail: [email protected]
[9] Medicine: Making tumors BRCAless
DOI: 10.1038/nm.2377
A strategy to treat a broad range of cancers by focusing on the DNA repair process is published online this week in Nature Medicine. These findings could potentially expand the therapeutic range of inhibitors of PARP, a protein involved with DNA repair, which is currently used primarily to treat tumors resulting from BRCA gene mutations, to a broader range of cancers.
While promoting cancer, BRCA genetic alterations also debilitate the cancer cell’s ability to upkeep and repair its DNA. By further hampering this process, through targeting other essential components, such as PARP, selective killing of tumor cells can be achieved. However, this strategy can only be applied to BRCA mutation tumors.
Geoffrey Shapiro and colleagues show that simultaneous inhibition of an enzyme that regulates BRCA activity can make cancer cells without BRCA mutations sensitive to PARP inhibitor treatment. This dual inhibitor strategy could be generally applied to treating cancers regardless their BRCA mutational status.
Author contact:
Geoffrey Shapiro (Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA)
Tel: +1 617 632 4942; E-mail: [email protected]
[10] Geoscience: Flood-induced earthquakes on the southern San Andreas fault
DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1184
Episodic flooding of an ancient lake at the southern end of the San Andreas fault triggered a series of small earthquakes adjacent to the fault, reports a paper published online this week in Nature Geoscience. In turn, the earthquakes could have altered the state of stress on the nearby San Andreas fault, causing it to rupture.
Daniel Brothers and colleagues present seismic images of sediments deposited in the ancient Lake Cahuilla in the Salton Trough, California. The data show that episodic flooding of the lake by the Colorado River during the past 1,200 years, triggered earthquakes on small faults underlying the lake. The timing of the flood events correlates with large earthquakes on the southern San Andreas fault, to within a few hundred years, and modelling shows there could be a link. It is therefore possible that human engineering of the Colorado River to prevent flooding of the Salton Trough over the past century has contributed to the lull in seismic activity currently experienced by southern parts of the San Andreas fault.
Author contact:
Daniel Brothers (US Geological Survey, Woods Hole, MA, USA)
Tel: +1 508 457 2293; E-mail: [email protected]
[11] Immunology: Reversing the trend
DOI: 10.1038/ni.2062
The mechanism by which neutrophils, the most abundant cell of the immune system, migrate and its consequence is revealed in a paper published online this week in Nature Immunology. Quantifying and controlling the migration pattern of neutrophils could have important implications for a wide variety of inflammatory diseases, such as stroke or trauma of damaged tissues that result from blood blockage.
Neutrophils actively migrate through the body and are generally the first white blood cell to appear at a site of infection. Looking at neutrophils in vivo, Sussan Nourshargh and colleagues found that these cells migrated readily from the vasculature into tissues. However, during certain kinds of inflammation they also migrated in reverse from tissues and back into the bloodstream under the influence of a blood vessel molecule called JAM-C. This kind of reverse migration had not been previously observed in mammals, and appeared to be responsible for disseminating inflammation throughout the body.
Author contact:
Sussan Nourshargh (Barts and The London School of Medicine, UK)
Tel: +44 207 882 8240; E-mail: [email protected]
[12] And finally…Neuroscience: If birds could talk?
DOI: 10.1038/nn.2869
Songbirds have the ability to learn the rules of an artificial grammar system, reports a new study published online this week in Nature Neuroscience. The ability to process this type of hierarchical language structure was previously thought to be specific only to humans.
Although songbirds have traditionally been used to model the neural circuitry underlying precursor functions to human language, this is among the first studies to suggest that songbirds have such sophisticated abilities.
Kentaro Abe and colleagues tested whether songbirds could use information about syntax in the syllables of natural birdsong to discriminate between songs. They also taught the birds artificial grammatical rules from songs which the authors created. In both cases, the birds appeared to be sensitive to the structure of the songs.
Author contact:
Kentaro Abe (Kyoto University, Japan)
Tel: +81 75 753 4439; E-mail: [email protected]
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Items from other Nature journals to be published online:
NATURE (http://www.nature.com/nature)
[13] Functional mapping of single spines in cortical neurons in vivo
DOI: 10.1038/nature10193
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY (http://www.nature.com/naturebiotechnology)
[14] Direct measurement of DNA affinity landscapes on a high-throughput sequencing instrument
DOI: 10.1038/nbt.1882
[15] Selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry reveals the dynamics of signaling through the GRB2 adaptor
DOI: 10.1038/nbt.1905
NATURE CELL BIOLOGY (http://www.nature.com/naturecellbiology)
[16] Variegated gene expression caused by cell-specific long-range DNA interactions
DOI: 10.1038/ncb2278
[17] Rab35 GTPase and OCRL phosphatase remodel lipids and F-actin for successful cytokinesis
DOI: 10.1038/ncb2279
NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY (http://www.nature.com/nchembio)
[18] Discovery of selective bioactive small molecules by targeting an RNA dynamic ensemble
DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.596
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE (http://www.nature.com/nclimate)
[19] Meet the humanities
DOI: 10.1038/nclimate1150
[20] Calculated risks
DOI: 10.1038/nclimate1158
[21] Investors cool on climate change
DOI: 10.1038/nclimate1154
NATURE GENETICS (http://www.nature.com/naturegenetics)
[22] Mitochondrial aging is accelerated by anti-retroviral therapy through the clonal expansion of mtDNA mutations
DOI: 10.1038/ng.863
[23] Dynamic CpG island methylation landscape in oocytes and preimplantation embryos
DOI: 10.1038/ng.864
[24] Increased methylation variation in epigenetic domains across cancer types
DOI: 10.1038/ng.865
[25] De novo nonsense mutations in ASXL1 cause Bohring-Opitz syndrome
DOI: 10.1038/ng.868
NATURE GEOSCIENCE (http://www.nature.com/ngeo)
[26] Spatiotemporal variability in Hawaiian hotspot volcanism induced by small-scale convection
DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1187
[27] Dust- and mineral-iron utilization by the marine dinitrogen-fixer Trichodesmium
DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1181
[28] Stronger ocean circulation and increased melting under Pine Island Glacier ice shelf
DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1188
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (http://www.nature.com/natureimmunology)
[29] Distinct microRNA signatures in human lymphocyte subsets and enforcement of the naive state in CD4+ T cells by the microRNA miR-125b
DOI: 10.1038/ni.2057
NATURE MATERIALS (http://www.nature.com/naturematerials)
[30] Hybrid elastic solids
DOI: 10.1038/nmat3043
[31] Electrically tunable spin injector free from the impedance mismatch problem
DOI: 10.1038/nmat3052
[32] Short-term plasticity and long-term potentiation mimicked in single inorganic synapses
DOI: 10.1038/nmat3054
[33] In situ nanocompression testing of irradiated copper
DOI: 10.1038/nmat3055
NATURE MEDICINE (http://www.nature.com/naturemedicine)
[34] Low levels of SIV infection in sooty mangabey central-memory CD4+ T cells is associated with limited CCR5 expression
DOI: 10.1038/nm.2395
[35] Breast cancer cells produce tenascin-C as a metastatic niche component to colonize the lungs
DOI: 10.1038/nm.2379
NATURE METHODS (http://www.nature.com/nmeth)
[36] Large-scale automated synthesis of human functional neuroimaging data
DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1635
[37] A public genome-scale lentiviral expression library of human ORFs
DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1638
NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY (http://www.nature.com/nnano)
[38] Bi- and trilayer graphene solutions
DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2011.94
[39] Detecting single viruses and nanoparticles using whispering gallery microlasers
DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2011.99
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (http://www.nature.com/natureneuroscience)
[40] Preventing interference between different memory tasks
DOI: 10.1038/nn.2840
[41] In vivo evidence that retinal bipolar cells generate spikes modulated by light
DOI: 10.1038/nn.2841
[42] Regulation of behavioral plasticity by systemic temperature signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans
DOI: 10.1038/nn.2854
NATURE PHOTONICS (http://www.nature.com/nphoton)
[43] Generation of ultrastable microwaves via optical frequency division
DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2011.121
[44] Bi-directional ultrafast electric-field gating of interlayer charge transport in a cuprate superconductor
DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2011.124
[45] Lensless imaging using broadband X-ray sources
DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2011.125
[46] Tandem colloidal quantum-dot solar cells employing a graded recombination layer
DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2011.123
NATURE PHYSICS (http://www.nature.com/naturephysics)
[47] A quantum memory intrinsic to single nitrogen–vacancy centres in diamond
DOI: 10.1038/nphys2026
[48] Interaction and filling-induced quantum phases of dual Mott insulators of bosons and fermions
DOI: 10.1038/nphys2028
[49] Generalized molecular orbital tomography
DOI: 10.1038/nphys2029
NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (http://www.nature.com/natstructmolbiol)
[50] Chfr and RNF8 synergistically regulate ATM activation
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2078
[51] The structural basis of modularity in ECF-type ABC transporters
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2073
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GEOGRAPHICAL LISTING OF AUTHORS
The following list of places refers to the whereabouts of authors on the papers numbered in this release. The listing may be for an author's main affiliation, or for a place where they are working temporarily. Please see the PDF of the paper for full details.
AUSTRALIA
Bundoora: 45
Callaghan: 1
Herston: 1
Kensington: 34
Melbourne: 45
New Lambton: 1
Waratah: 1
AUSTRIA
Leoben: 33
CANADA:
Concord: 15
Toronto: 15, 46
CHINA
Hong Kong: 30
Suzhou: 30
Wuhan: 46
CROATIA
Split: 7
Zagreb: 7
DENMARK
Copenhagen: 25
FINLAND
Helsinki: 7, 25
Jakobstad: 7
Kuopio: 7
FRANCE
Paris: 17
GERMANY
Dresden: 11
Hamburg: 44
Konstanz: 47
Lubeck: 25
Munich: 7, 13
Neuherberg: 7
Ulm: 34
ICELAND
Kopavogur: 7
Reykjavik: 7
ISRAEL
Eilat: 27
Jerusalem: 13, 27
Ramat Gan: 27
ITALY
Milan: 29, 49
Pavia: 29
Urbino: 34
JAPAN
Atsugi: 48
Ibaraki: 32
Kyoto: 12, 42, 48
Nagoya: 42
Saitama: 12
Sendai: 31
Tokai: 31
Tokyo: 23, 31, 42, 44, 48
Wako: 44
NETHERLANDS
Amsterdam: 25
Groningen: 51
Leiden: 7
Nijmegen: 25
Rotterdam: 7, 16
Utrecht: 16
SAUDI ARABIA
Thuwal: 30
SOUTH KOREA
Daejeon: 3
Gyeonggi-do: 38
Seoul: 3
SPAIN
Barcelona: 25
Girona: 7
Madrid: 7
SWEDEN
Gothenburg: 7
Malmo: 7
Stockholm: 7
Uppsala: 7
SWITZERLAND
Geneva: 11
Lausanne: 7, 16
Schwerzenbach: 25
Zurich: 26
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Abu Dhabi: 37
UNITED KINGDOM
Birmingham: 11
Bristol: 5, 25
Cambridge: 4, 7, 23, 28, 31, 41
Coventry: 36
Durham: 26
Edinburgh: 7
Glasgow: 25
London: 7, 11
Manchester: 38
Newcastle: 7, 9, 22, 25
Norwich: 8, 19
Oxford: 44
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
California
Berkeley: 33
Hayward: 14
Irvine: 18
La Jolla: 10
Los Angeles: 7, 32
Menlo Park: 7, 10, 45
Richmond: 6
San Diego: 24
San Francisco: 4
Santa Barbara: 47
Stanford: 4
Colorado
Boulder: 36, 43
Georgia
Atlanta: 24, 34
Hawaii
Honolulu: 26
Illinois
Argonne: 2, 45
Chicago: 2
Maryland
Baltimore: 7, 24
Bethesda: 7, 34
College Park: 24
Massachusetts
Boston: 7, 9, 37, 40
Cambridge: 7, 14, 37, 38
Framingham: 7
Woods Hole: 10
Michigan
Ann Arbor: 18, 50
Missouri
St Louis: 7, 36, 39
Nevada
Reno: 10
New Mexico
Los Alamos: 33
New York
Bronx: 16
New York: 7, 35, 37
Palisades: 28
North Carolina
Winston-Salem: 7
Pennsylvania
Philadelphia: 6, 11, 34
Pittsburgh: 34
Tennessee
Nashville: 22
Texas
Austin: 36
Dallas: 7
Washington
Seattle: 2, 7
PRESS CONTACTS…
For media inquiries relating to embargo policy for all the Nature Research Journals:
Rachel Twinn (Nature London)
Tel: +44 20 7843 4658; E-mail: [email protected]
Neda Afsarmanesh (Nature New York)
Tel: +1 212 726 9231; E-mail: [email protected]
Ruth Francis (Head of Press, Nature, London)
Tel: +44 20 7843 4562; E-mail: [email protected]
For media inquiries relating to editorial content/policy for the Nature Research Journals, please contact the journals individually:
Nature Biotechnology (New York)
Michael Francisco
Tel: +1 212 726 9288; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Cell Biology (London)
Sowmya Swaminathan
Tel: +44 20 7843 4656; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Chemical Biology (Boston)
Carrie Meggs
Tel: +1 617 475 9241, E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Chemistry (London)
Stuart Cantrill
Tel: +44 20 7014 4018; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Climate Change (London)
Olive Heffernan
Tel: +44 20 7014 4009; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Genetics (New York)
Myles Axton
Tel: +1 212 726 9324; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Geoscience (London)
Heike Langenberg
Tel: +44 20 7843 4042; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Immunology (New York)
Laurie Dempsey
Tel: +1 212 726 9372; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Materials (London)
Vincent Dusastre
Tel: +44 20 7843 4531; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Medicine (New York)
Juan Carlos Lopez
Tel: +1 212 726 9325; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Methods (New York)
Hugh Ash
Tel: +1 212 726 9627; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Nanotechnology (London)
Peter Rodgers
Tel: +44 20 7014 4019; Email: [email protected]
Nature Neuroscience (New York)
Kalyani Narasimhan
Tel: +1 212 726 9319; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Photonics (Tokyo)
Oliver Graydon
Tel: +81 3 3267 8776; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Physics (London)
Alison Wright
Tel: +44 20 7843 4555; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology (New York)
Sabbi Lall
Tel: +1 212 726 9326; E-mail: [email protected]
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