This press release contains:
· Summaries of newsworthy papers:
Genetics: Variants influence type 2 diabetes
Geoscience: Carbon storage for long-term climate control
Geoscience: Ore deposits from magma mixing
Immunology: Fighting infection with MAITs
· Mention of papers to be published at the same time with the same embargo
· Geographical listing of authors
PDFs of all the papers mentioned on this release can be found in the relevant journal’s section of http://press.nature.com. Press contacts for the Nature journals are listed at the end of this release.
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PLEASE CITE THE SPECIFIC NATURE JOURNAL AND WEBSITE AS THE SOURCE OF THE FOLLOWING ITEMS. IF PUBLISHING ONLINE, PLEASE CARRY A HYPERLINK TO THE APPROPRIATE JOURNAL’S WEBSITE.
[1] Genetics: Variants influence type 2 diabetes
DOI: 10.1038/ng.609
Genetic variants associated with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes are reported this week in Nature Genetics. Type 2 diabetes (T2D), a primarily adult-onset metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar and resistance to insulin, continues to increase in prevalence worldwide.
Mark McCarthy and colleagues analyzed data from eight genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for T2D, including over 8,130 cases of European descent. The authors then looked at findings in an additional population of 34,412 individuals with T2D. In addition to replicating previous associations, they identify 12 genomic regions newly associated with susceptibility to T2D, bringing the number of confirmed T2D loci to 38. These findings highlight a role for the function of beta-cells—a cell in the pancreas that makes and releases insulin—as well as insulin action, in disease pathogenesis. The researchers note that seven of these genomic regions have also been reported in GWAS for other diseases or human traits, including height, cholesterol and lipid levels in the blood, potentially highlighting shared risk factors.
Author contact:
Mark McCarthy (Oxford University, UK)
Tel: +44 1865 857298
E-mail: [email protected]
[2] Geoscience: Carbon storage for long-term climate control
DOI: 10.1038/ngeo896
Long-term control of climate change by carbon sequestration would require any leakages of carbon dioxide to be smaller than 1% per thousand years, concludes a study online this week in Nature Geoscience. If not, the leaked carbon dioxide would have to be re-stored continuously to maintain conditions close to a low-emissions scenario.
Gary Shaffer used an Earth system model to project climate-change impacts over the next 100,000 years. He compared five scenarios of carbon sequestration — one for deep-ocean and four for geological storage — with two extreme projections for climate change without sequestration: one with high emissions and one with low.
The author found that scenarios where leakage exceeds 1% per thousand years result in a large, delayed warming in the atmosphere as well as oxygen depletion, acidification and elevated carbon dioxide concentrations in the ocean.
Author contact:
Gary Shaffer (University of Conception, Chile)
Tel: +56 41 2203083
E-mail: [email protected]
[3] Geoscience: Ore deposits from magma mixing
DOI: 10.1038/ngeo899
Mixing of ore fluids with metal-rich sulphide magmas can generate significant volumes of valuable ore deposits, according to a paper online this week in Nature Geoscience. Such late-stage mixing was thought to play a role in ore formation, but direct evidence for this process has remained elusive.
Olivier Nadeau and colleagues sampled lavas and volcanic gases emitted immediately after an eruption at Merapi Volcano, Indonesia. The samples were found to contain similar concentrations of metal elements, which suggests that the metals entered the gases, and thus the ore fluids, during mixing in the underground magma chamber.
In an accompanying News and Views article, Bruno Scaillet says: “The work by Nadeau and colleagues sheds light on a decisive step in the formation of ore deposits and the transfer of economically interesting metals from sulphide melts into the magmatic ore fluid.”
Author contacts:
Olivier Nadeau (McGill University, Montreal, Canada)
Tel: +1 514 398 6767
E-mail: [email protected]
Bruno Scaillet (Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France)
News & Views author
Tel: +33 238 25 53 40
E-mail: [email protected]
[4] Immunology: Fighting infection with MAITs
DOI: 10.1038/ni.1890
The function and importance of a little known immune cell has come to light in work published online this week in Nature Immunology.
As their name suggests, mucosa-associated invariant T cells (MAITs) are found primarily at the body’s mucosal surfaces such as the gut and lungs. Olivier Lantz and colleagues demonstrate that mice lacking these cells are more susceptible to bacterial infections such as Mycobacterium abscessus. In humans, the number of MAIT cells is reduced in peripheral blood from patients with infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, while they are detected at the site of infection.
Because this cell type is abundant in humans, and they have wide anti-microbial activity, MAIT cell manipulation could have an impact on vaccine and therapeutic drug development against infectious diseases.
Author contact:
Olivier Lantz (Institut Curie, Paris, France)
Tel: +33 1 44 32 42 18
E-mail: [email protected]
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Items from other Nature journals to be published online at the same time and with the same embargo:
NATURE
[5] Single-cell NF-kB dynamics reveal digital activation and analogue information processing
DOI: 10.1038/nature09145
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
[6] Engineered allosteric activation of kinases in living cells
DOI: 10.1038/nbt.1639
[7] Chemical genetics screen for enhancers of rapamycin identifies a specific inhibitor of the SCF family E3 ubiquitin ligase
DOI: 10.1038/nbt.1645
[8] An allosteric inhibitor of substrate recognition by the SCFCdc4 ubiquitin ligase
DOI: 10.1038/nbt.1646
NATURE CELL BIOLOGY
[9] Interplay between Cdh1 and JNK activity during the cell cycle
DOI: 10.1038/ncb2071
[10] Actin and serum response factor transduce physical cues from the microenvironment to regulate epidermal stem cell fate decisions
DOI: 10.1038/ncb2074
NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
[11] Transcriptional regulation by small RNAs at sequences downstream from 3' gene termini
DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.400
[12] Iron traffics in circulation bound to a siderocalin (Ngal)-catechol complex
DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.402
NATURE CHEMISTRY
[13] Sequence-selective assembly of tweezer molecules on linear templates enables frameshift-reading of sequence information
DOI: 10.1038/ nchem.699
[14] Isolation of a radical dianion of nitrogen oxide (NO)2-
DOI: 10.1038/nchem.701
[15] Molecules containing rare-earth atoms solely bonded by transition metals
DOI: 10.1038/nchem.718
[16] Etching and narrowing of graphene from the edges
DOI: 10.1038/nchem.719
NATURE GEOSCIENCE
[17] Photolytic degradation of methylmercury enhanced by binding to natural organic ligands
DOI: 10.1038/ngeo892
[18] Shear veins observed within anisotropic fabric at high angles to the maximum compressive stress
DOI: 10.1038/ngeo898
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY
[19] The transcription factor MafB antagonizes antiviral responses by blocking recruitment of coactivators to the transcription factor IRF3
DOI: 10.1038/ni.1897
NATURE MEDICINE
[20] Serotonin regulates pancreatic beta cell mass during pregnancy
DOI: 10.1038/nm.2173
[21] Validated prediction of clinical outcome in sarcomas and multiple types of cancer on the basis of a gene expression signature related to genome complexity
DOI: 10.1038/nm.2174
NATURE METHODS
[22] Simultaneous Intracellular Chloride and pH measurements using a GFP-based sensor
DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1471
[23] Simultaneous measurement of RBC velocity, flux, hematocrit and shear rate in tumor vascular networks
DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1475
NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY
[24] A molecular-imprint nanosensor for ultrasensitive detection of proteins
DOI:10.1038/nnano.2010.114
[25] ‘Soft’ Au, Pt and Cu contacts for molecular junctions through surface-diffusion-mediated deposition
DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2010.115
[26] Remote control of ion channels and neurons through magnetic-field heating of nanoparticles
DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2010.125
[27] Nanomaterials in preventive dentistry
DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2010.83
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
[28] A light-gated, potassium-selective glutamate receptor for the optical inhibition of neuronal firing
DOI: 10.1038/nn.2589
[29] Temporal context calibrates interval timing
DOI: 10.1038/nn.2590
[30] cJun integrates calcium activity and tlx3 expression to regulate neurotransmitter specification
DOI: 10.1038/nn.2582
[31] Mechanisms of pattern decorrelation by recurrent neuronal circuits
DOI: 10.1038/nn.2591
NATURE PHOTONICS
[32] Monolithically integrated solid-state terahertz transceivers
DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2010.137
[33] Heralded generation of entangled photon pairs
DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2010.156
NATURE PHYSICS
[34] Inertially-confined plasma in an imploding bubble
DOI: 10.1038/nphys1701
[35] Strength of Correlations in electron and hole doped cuprates
DOI: 10.1038/nphys1706
[36] How grain boundaries limit supercurrents in high-temperature superconductors
DOI: 10.1038/nphys1687
[37] Strong and tunable nonlinear optomechanical coupling in a low-loss system
DOI: 10.1038/nphys1707
NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
[38] HtrA proteases have a conserved activation mechanism that can be triggered by distinct molecular cues
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.1840
[39] Determinants of structural and functional plasticity of a widely conserved protease chaperone complex
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.1839
[40] Structure of Rev-erba bound to N-CoR reveals a unique mechanism of nuclear receptor–co-repressor interaction
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.1860
[41] Structural and functional insights into 5′-ppp RNA pattern recognition by the innate immune receptor RIG-I
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.1863
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***The following paper was published electronically on Nature Structural & Molecular Biology’s website on 18 June and is therefore no longer under embargo. The rest of the above articles on this release remain under embargo until 27 June at 1800 London time / 1300 US Eastern time ***
[42] Unique functionality of 22 nt miRNAs in triggering rdr6-dependent siRNA biogenesis from target transcripts in Arabidopsis
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.1866
*************************************************
GEOGRAPHICAL LISTING OF AUTHORS
The following list of places refers to the whereabouts of authors on the papers numbered in this release. The listing may be for an author's main affiliation, or for a place where they are working temporarily. Please see the PDF of the paper for full details.
AUSTRIA
Innsbruck: 41
Vienna: 33, 38
CANADA:
Edmonton: 25
Hamilton: 8
Montreal: 1, 3
Toronto: 1, 8
Vancouver: 20
CHILE
Concepcion: 2
CHINA
Wuhan: 24
CROATIA
Zagreb: 1
DENMARK
Aarhus: 1
Copenhagen: 1, 2, 36
Gentofte: 1
Glostrup: 1
Humlebaek: 2
Odense: 1
FINLAND
Helsinki: 1
Jakobstad: 1
Kuopio: 1
Seinajoki: 1
FRANCE
Bordeaux: 21
Corbeil-Essonnes: 1
Domaine de Vilvert: 4
Garches: 4
La Riche: 1
Lille: 1
Lyon: 21
Nantes: 1
Orleans: 4
Paris: 1, 4, 21
Poitiers: 1
Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy: 21
Villejuif: 1, 21
GERMANY
Augsburg: 36
Bayreuth: 15
Berlin: 12
Bonn: 41
Dortmund: 39
Dresden: 15, 27
Düsseldorf: 1, 39
Essen: 38, 39
Martinsried: 38, 39
Munich: 1, 28
Neuherberg: 1
Saar: 27
Ulm: 1
ICELAND
Kopavogur: 1
Reykjavik: 1
ITALY
Bolzano: 1
Modena: 18
Pisa: 22
Trento Povo: 22
JAPAN
Hirosaki: 30
Kyoto: 12
Tokyo: 20, 42
NETHERLANDS
Eindhoven: 1
Groningen: 1
Nijmegen: 10
Rotterdam: 1
Utrecht: 1
NEW ZEALAND
Dunedin: 18
NORWAY
Levanger: 1
Trondheim: 1
POLAND
Warsaw: 5
SOUTH AFRICA
Rondebosch: 18
SPAIN
Madrid: 1
SWEDEN
Malmo: 1
Skovde: 1
Uppsala: 1
SWITZERLAND
Basel: 31
Lausanne: 21
UNITED KINGDOM
Bristol: 39
Cambridge: 1, 10
Cardiff: 38, 39
Dundee: 1
Edinburgh: 1, 8
Exeter: 1
Hinxton: 1
London: 1, 31
Manchester:
Newcastle: 1
Norwich: 1
Oxford: 1, 38
Reading: 13
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
California
Berkeley: 12, 28
Irvine: 7, 14
La Jolla: 9, 30
Los Angeles: 1, 7, 14
Pasadena: 7
San Francisco: 20
San Jose: 32
Stanford: 5, 16
Connecticut
New Haven: 37
Florida
Gainesville: 36
Illinois
Evanston: 31
Urbana: 34
Indiana
Indianapolis: 7
Maryland
Baltimore: 1
Bethesda: 1
Massachusetts
Boston: 1, 7, 19, 23, 42
Cambridge: 1, 7, 11
Chestnut Hill: 24
Michigan
Ann Arbor: 1
Minnesota
Minneapolis: 1
New Jersey
Piscataway: 35
New Mexico
Albuquerque: 32
New York
Buffalo: 26
New York: 12, 23, 29, 41
North Carolina
Chapel Hill: 1, 8
Durham: 17
Research Triangle: 40
Ohio
Columbus: 25
Oregon
Corvallis: 42
Pennsylvania
Philadelphia: 40
Texas
Dallas: 11
Houston: 1
Washington
Seattle: 7, 12, 29
PRESS CONTACTS…
For media inquiries relating to embargo policy for all the Nature Research Journals:
Rachel Twinn (Nature London)
Tel: +44 20 7843 4658
E-mail: [email protected]
Neda Afsarmanesh (Nature New York)
Tel: +1 212 726 9231
E-mail: [email protected]
Ruth Francis (Head of Press, Nature, London)
Tel: +44 20 7843 4562
E-mail: [email protected]
For media inquiries relating to editorial content/policy for the Nature Research Journals, please contact the journals individually:
Nature Biotechnology (New York)
Michael Francisco
Tel: +1 212 726 9288
E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Cell Biology (London)
Sowmya Swaminathan
Tel: +44 20 7843 4656
E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Chemical Biology (Boston)
Sarah Daniels
Tel: +1 617 475 9241
E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Chemistry (London)
Stuart Cantrill
Tel: +44 20 7014 4018
E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Genetics (New York)
Myles Axton
Tel: +1 212 726 932
E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Geoscience (London)
Heike Langenberg
Tel: +44 20 7843 4042
E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Immunology (New York)
Laurie Dempsey
Tel: +1 212 726 9372
E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Medicine (New York)
Juan Carlos Lopez
Tel: +1 212 726 9325
E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Methods (New York)
Hugh Ash
Tel: +1 212 726 9627
E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Nanotechnology (London)
Peter Rodgers
Tel: +44 20 7014 4019
Email: [email protected]
Nature Neuroscience (New York)
Kalyani Narasimhan
Tel: +1 212 726 9319
E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Photonics (Tokyo)
Oliver Graydon
Tel: +81 3 3267 8776
E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Physics (London)
Alison Wright
Tel: +44 20 7843 4555
E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology (New York)
Sabbi Lall
Tel: +1 212 726 9326
E-mail: [email protected]
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