NATURE AND THE NATURE RESEARCH JOURNALS PRESS RELEASE
For papers that will be published online on 05 June 2011
This press release is copyrighted to the Nature journals mentioned below.
This press release contains:
Summaries of newsworthy papers:
Physics: Upping the anti
Nature: Sculpting of the inner Solar System
Neuroscience: Insul(in)-ation from obesity
Geoscience: Slow release of carbon during ancient warming
Nature: Genomic clues for targeting chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Geoscience: Permafrost degradation leads to wetland loss
Geoscience: Icelandic mantle plume influences the ocean
Cell Biology: Altered receptor localization promotes tumorigenesis
Immunology: How to spot a virus
And finally…Geoscience: Soil moisture linked to afternoon rains
Mention of papers to be published at the same time with the same embargo
Geographical listing of authors
PDFs of all the papers mentioned on this release can be found in the relevant journal’s section of http://press.nature.com. Press contacts for the Nature journals are listed at the end of this release.
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PLEASE CITE THE SPECIFIC NATURE JOURNAL AND WEBSITE AS THE SOURCE OF THE FOLLOWING ITEMS. IF PUBLISHING ONLINE, PLEASE CARRY A HYPERLINK TO THE APPROPRIATE JOURNAL’S WEBSITE.
[1] Physics: Upping the anti
DOI: 10.1038/nphys2025
The creation, trapping and storage of antihydrogen atoms for up to 1,000 seconds is reported online in Nature Physics this week. This achievement not only represents the longest time period so far that antihydrogen has been captured, but it also brings us closer to answering the question: ‘Do matter and antimatter obey the same laws of physics?’
Antimatter particles are routinely produced in particle accelerators as well as in space, but holding onto them, particularly the neutral ones, is the main difficulty. This is because antimatter and matter will annihilate on contact and conventional containers are made of matter. The ALPHA collaboration at CERN demonstrated last year that they could instead use a magnetic trap to capture antihydrogen particles, and managed to store them for 172 milliseconds. The team now increase that period by more than 5,000-fold, meaning that the antihydrogen atoms have time to reach their ground state, rather than only existing in the highly excited states created by previous experiments, in which they are quickly annihilated. Such long storage times allowed the first measurements of the characteristics of trapped anti-atoms, which provide information about the formation dynamics of antihydrogen atoms and their kinetic energy distribution.
Improved traps will potentially provide plenty of interaction time for future experiments to probe the anti-atoms’ quantum nature with lasers or microwaves, or to cool them down to study the gravitational effects on antimatter.
Author contacts:
Jeffrey Hangst (CERN, Geneva, Switzerland)
Tel: +41 76 487 4589; E-mail: [email protected]
Clifford Surko (University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA) N&V author
Tel: +1 858 534 6880; E-mail: [email protected]
[2] Nature: Sculpting of the inner Solar System
DOI: 10.1038/nature10113
Early migration of Jupiter shaped the way the Solar System formed, according to a report published online in Nature this week. This migration influenced the characteristics of the terrestrial planets, particularly Mars’s small size.
The four giant planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune) migrated over enormous distances when there was still a gas-disk dominating the Solar System. Kevin Walsh and colleagues performed simulations of the early Solar System to understand how Jupiter's migration affected the formation of other planets. They demonstrate how the inward migration of Jupiter to 1.5 astronomical units (AU, the Sun–Earth distance), and its subsequent outward migration, leads to a planetesimal disk truncated at 1 AU. The terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars) form from this protoplanetary disk over the next 30–50 million years.
Scattering caused by Jupiter's migration into the inner Solar System initially removes a lot of material from the asteroid belt, essentially starving Mars and keeping it much smaller than the Earth. The belt is later repopulated with inner-belt bodies originating between 1 and 3 AU and outer-belt bodies originating between and beyond the giant planets.
Author contact:
Kevin Walsh (Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO, USA)
Tel: +1 720 208 7205; E-mail: [email protected]
[3] Neuroscience: Insul(in)-ation from obesity
DOI: 10.1038/nn.2847
Insulin activity in the brains of mice acts to translate a high-fat diet into obesity, reports a paper published online this week in the journal Nature Neuroscience. These results provide valuable insight into how a high-calorie diet can affect insulin in the brain, causing changes in metabolism and body weight that often lead to obesity and health problems.
Certain aspects of our daily dietary behavior, including food intake and energy expenditure, are controlled by changes in the levels of circulating proteins such as leptin and insulin.
Jens Brüning and colleagues identified specific brain cells that respond to insulin to promote obesity in mice. When the insulin receptor protein is removed from these neurons, mice show a resistance to weight-gain due to a high-fat diet.
Author contact:
Jens C. Brüning (University of Cologne, Germany)
Tel: +49 221 470 2467; E-mail: [email protected]
[4] Geoscience: Slow release of carbon during ancient warming
DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1179
The peak rate of carbon emissions during the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) was far lower than that of today, suggests a paper published online in Nature Geoscience. The PETM — an ancient warming event that occurred about 56 million years ago — is often cited as a potential analogue for future climate change. However these findings indicate that this event may not represent as abrupt a rate of environmental change as previously suspected.
Ying Cui, Lee Kump and colleagues combined sediment records and computer modelling to assess the timing and magnitude of carbon release during the PETM, which persisted for about 170,000 years. Their simulations suggest that the carbon was added in three pulses and that the rate of emissions during these pulses did not exceed around 1.7 petagrams of carbon per year. In comparison, current fossil fuel emissions exceed 8 petagrams of carbon per year.
The researchers point out that the amount of carbon released during the PETM is approximately the same quantity that could be injected to the atmosphere if we burnt the full amount of fossil fuel stocks currently estimated to be available.
Author contacts:
Ying Cui (Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA)
Tel: +1 814 321 5951; E-mail: [email protected]
Lee Kump (Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA)
Tel: +1 814 863 1274; E-mail: [email protected]
[5] Nature: Genomic clues for targeting chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
DOI: 10.1038/nature10201
The whole-genome analysis of four patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and clinical follow-up in a larger group identify potential new targets for the disease. The findings, reported in Nature, illustrate the potential role for genome sequencing in developing personalized treatments for cancer patients.
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is the most common leukaemia in adults in Western countries, and has two molecular subtypes, but the molecular events leading to its development and progression remain poorly understood. Elías Campo and colleagues sequenced the whole genomes of four patients with CLL, with subsequent clinical validation in 363 patients. They identify four genes that are recurrently mutated in CLL cases: NOTCH1, MYD88, XPO1 and KLHL6. Mutations in NOTCH1, MYD88 and XPO1 seem to be the likely oncogenic changes that contribute to the clinical evolution of the disease.
Moreover, the authors report that the two CLL subtypes can be identified based on the genomic drivers of the disease: MYD88 and KLHL6 mutations were predominant in the subtype with mutated immunoglobulin genes, whereas NOTCH1 and XPO1 mutations tended to occur in patients without immunoglobulin gene mutations. Functional evidence also suggests that NOTCH1 and MYD88 are both potential therapeutic targets.
Further research is needed to translate these findings to the clinic but the study underscores the transformative potential of cancer genome sequencing.
Author contact:
Elías Campo (Universitat de Barcelona, Spain)
Tel: +34 93 227 5450; E-mail: [email protected]
[6] Geoscience: Icelandic mantle plume influences the ocean
DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1161
Temperature variations in the upwelling mantle plume below Iceland may have formed V-shaped ridges on the ocean floor and influenced the patterns of deep ocean currents, reports a paper published online this week in Nature Geoscience.
Nicky White and colleagues measured the geochemistry of rock samples taken from the V-shaped ridges of high topography on the sea bed near Iceland. They show that variations in rock geochemistry can best be explained by blobs of unusually hot mantle rising up in the underlying plume and spreading outwards radially.
The team also shows that variations in the temperature of the Iceland mantle plume over the past 7 million years could have driven episodic uplift of the sea floor that, in turn, moderated the ocean circulation patterns in the North Atlantic Ocean.
Author contact:
Nicky White (University of Cambridge, UK)
Tel: +44 1223 337063; E-mail: [email protected]
[7] Geoscience: Permafrost degradation leads to wetland loss
DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1160
Permafrost thawing reduces the areal extent of wetlands, according to a study published online in Nature Geoscience. A reduction in wetland area could influence high-latitude carbon emissions, as wetlands both take up and store carbon, and release carbon dioxide and methane.
Christopher Avis and colleagues use a global climate model to examine the impact of permafrost melt caused by rising greenhouse gas emissions on wetlands in the high northern latitudes. Their simulations suggest that permafrost degradation reduces the areal extent of wetlands, owing to the drainage of near-surface water to deeper soil layers.
Author contact:
Christopher Avis (University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada)
Tel: +1 250 472 4003; E-mail: [email protected]
[8] Cell Biology: Altered receptor localization promotes tumorigenesis
DOI: 10.1038/ncb2257
Mutations in a receptor, known as Met, that alter its location within a cell can promote tumour formation and spreading, reports a paper online this week in Nature Cell Biology. Blocking the intracellular accumulation of mutant Met may therefore open a new avenue for therapeutic intervention in certain tumours.
Met is found predominately at the membrane that encircles a cell, but Stéphanie Kermorgant and colleagues detected a cancer-associated mutant of Met that instead was present on specific structures within the cell. They found that cells expressing this mutant receptor could form tumours, suggesting that this altered localization could support the development and spread of cancer. The team discovered that although these cells were insensitive to a Met inhibitor compound, their tumourigenic properties were blocked by drugs that inhibit Met’s intracellular localization.
These results show that the localization of Met is an important part of its ability to promote the development and spread of tumours. They suggest that compounds that target Met ‘trafficking’ within a cell could have beneficial effects in certain Met-driven cancers.
Author contact:
Stéphanie Kermorgant (Queen Mary University of London, UK)
Tel: +44 20 7882 3578; E-mail: [email protected]
[9] Immunology: How to spot a virus
DOI: 10.1038/ni.2048
An intracellular receptor expressed in many cell types that seem to have an important role in the recognition and control of virus infection is reported online this week in Nature Immunology.
Giulio Superti-Furga and colleagues find that a protein called IFIT1 is very strongly upregulated in virus-infected cells, where it then binds the 5′ end of viral RNA. They discover that IFIT1 demonstrates an exquisite ability to distinguish between host and viral RNA, which vary in their end structures, and that once bound, IFIT1 forms a large complex with many other cellular proteins and can block viral replication. As a result, mice lacking the IFIT1 protein are much more susceptible to infection by certain viruses.
The team concludes that IFIT1 is therefore a key component of a cell’s virus-recognition and virus-neutralization machinery.
Author contact:
Giulio Superti-Furga (Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria)
Tel: +43 1 40160 70001; E-mail: [email protected]
[10] And finally…Geoscience: Soil moisture linked to afternoon rains
DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1174
Enhanced evaporation of soil moisture increases the likelihood of summer afternoon rainfall in the eastern United States and Mexico suggests a study published online in Nature Geoscience this week.
Kirsten Findell and colleagues examine the impact of evaporation on rainfall in the summer in North America, using meteorological data. They find that high levels of evaporation enhance the probability of afternoon rainfall east of the Mississippi River and in Mexico.
The researchers suggest that the observed relationship between soil moisture and rainfall could result in a positive feedback between evaporation and rainfall.
Author contact:
Kirsten Findell (Princeton University, NJ, USA)
Tel: +1 609 452 6530; E-mail: [email protected]
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Items from other Nature journals to be published online at the same time and with the same embargo:
NATURE CELL BIOLOGY (http://www.nature.com/naturecellbiology)
[11] A systematic RNAi synthetic interaction screen reveals a link between P53 and snoRNP assembly
DOI: 10.1038/ncb2264
[12] Intraflagellar transport delivers tubulin isotypes to sensory cilium middle and distal segments
DOI: 10.1038/ncb2268
NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY (http://www.nature.com/nchembio)
[13] Reveromycin A biosynthesis uses RevG and RevJ for stereospecific spiroacetal formation
DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.583
NATURE CHEMISTRY (http://www.nature.com/nchem)
[14] Facile removal of stabilizer-ligands from supported gold nanoparticles
DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1066
[15] Light-induced spin-crossover magnet
DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1067
NATURE GENETICS (http://www.nature.com/naturegenetics)
[16] Extensive and coordinated transcription of noncoding RNAs within cell cycle promoters
DOI: 10.1038/ng.848
[17] The nuclear deubiquitinase BAP1 is commonly inactivated by somatic mutations and 3p21.1 losses in malignant pleural mesothelioma
DOI: 10.1038/ng.855
[18] A cooperative microRNA-tumor suppressor gene network in acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL)
DOI: 10.1038/ng.858
[19] Genome-wide association study identifies three new susceptibility loci for esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma in Chinese populations
DOI: 10.1038/ng.849
[20] Arabidopsis REF6 is a histone H3 lysine 27 demethylase
DOI: 10.1038/ng.854
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (http://www.nature.com/natureimmunology)
[21] The sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor S1P2 maintains the homeostasis of germinal center B cells and promotes niche confinement
DOI: 10.1038/ni.2047
[22] Pre-existing clusters of the adaptor Lat do not participate in early T cell signaling events
DOI: 10.1038/ni.2049
NATURE MATERIALS (http://www.nature.com/naturematerials)
[23] Giant anharmonic phonon scattering in PbTe
DOI: 10.1038/nmat3035
NATURE MEDICINE (http://www.nature.com/naturemedicine)
[24] Suppression of inflammatory and neuropathic pain by uncoupling CRMP-2 from the presynaptic Ca2+ channel complex
DOI: 10.1038/nm.2345
[25] Uncoupling the mechanisms of obesity and hypertension by targeting hypothalamic IKK-b and NF-kB
DOI: 10.1038/nm.2372
[26] Simultaneous two-photon imaging of oxygen and blood flow in deep cerebral vessels
DOI: 10.1038/nm.2394
NATURE METHODS (http://www.nature.com/nmeth)
[27] Near-infrared branding efficiently correlates light and electron microscopy
DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1622
[28] Sharper low-power STED nanoscopy by time gating
DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1624
[29] Single-tube linear DNA amplification (LinDA) for robust ChIP-seq
DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1626
[30] High-Throughput Behavioral Analysis in C. elegans
DOI: 10.1038/ nmeth.1625
NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY (http://www.nature.com/nnano)
[31] Large-area, flexible 3D optical negative index metamaterial formed by nanotransfer printing
DOI:10.1038/nnano.2011.82
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (http://www.nature.com/natureneuroscience)
[32] Neuronal basis of sequential foraging decisions in a patchy environment
DOI:10.1038/nn.2856
[33] Cardinal rules: Visual orientation perception reflects knowledge of environmental statistics
DOI:10.1038/nn.2831
[34] UNC119 is required for G protein trafficking in sensory neurons
DOI:10.1038/nn.2835
[35] Light Acts Through Melanopsin to Alter Retinal Waves and Segregation of Retinogeniculate Afferents
DOI: 10.1038/nn.2845
NATURE PHOTONICS (http://www.nature.com/nphoton)
[36] Towards ultrasensitive optical links enabled by low-noise phase-sensitive amplifiers
DOI: 10.1038/NPHOTON.2011.79
NATURE PHYSICS (http://www.nature.com/naturephysics)
[37] Quantized conductance of a suspended graphene nanoconstriction
DOI: 10.1038/nphys2009
[38] The pirouette effect in turbulent flows
DOI: 10.1038/nphys2010
NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (http://www.nature.com/natstructmolbiol)
[39] KAP-1 phosphorylation regulates CHD3 nucleosome remodeling during the DNA double strand break response
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2077
[40] Mechanism and function of synaptotagmin-mediated membrane apposition
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2075
[41] Synaptotagmin-1 may be a distance regulator acting upstream of SNARE nucleation
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2061
[42] Structure-function studies of FMRP RGG peptide recognition of an RNA duplex-quadruplex junction
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2064
[43] Crystal structure of the trithorax group protein Ash2L reveals a forkhead-like DNA binding domain
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2093
***************************************************************************************************************
***The following paper was published electronically on Nature Biotechnology’s website on 01 June and is therefore no longer under embargo. The rest of the above articles on this release remain under embargo until 05 June at 1800 London time / 1300 US Eastern time ***
[44] Mapping in vivo protein-RNA interaction sites at single-nucleotide resolution from HITS-CLIP data
DOI: 10.1038/nbt.1873
***************************************************************************************************************
GEOGRAPHICAL LISTING OF AUTHORS
The following list of places refers to the whereabouts of authors on the papers numbered in this release. The listing may be for an author's main affiliation, or for a place where they are working temporarily. Please see the PDF of the paper for full details.
AUSTRALIA
Nedlands: 17
Sydney: 22
AUSTRIA
Vienna: 9
BELGIUM
Ghent: 18
BRAZIL
Brasilia: 12
Rio de Janeiro: 1
CANADA:
Burnaby: 1
Calgary: 1
London: 8
Vancouver: 30, 1
Victoria: 1
CHINA
Beijing: 19, 20
Guangzhou: 19
Guangdong: 29
Nanjing: 19
Suzhou: 19
Wuhan: 19
DENMARK
Aarhus: 1
FRANCE
Floirac: 5
Nice: 5
Paris: 8, 26
Strasbourg: 29
GERMANY
Dresden: 12
Freiburg: 20
Goettingen: 28, 38, 41
Heidelberg: 28
Koln: 8
Marburg: 9
Martinsried: 12
Munich: 27
ISRAEL
Beer-Sheva: 1
ITALY
Genoa: 28
JAPAN
Aichi: 13
Hamamatsu: 16
Hokkaido: 13
Kanagawa: 13
Osaka: 21
Saitama: 13, 1
Shizuoka: 13
Tokyo: 13, 15, 1
NETHERLANDS
Amsterdam: 11, 16
Groningen: 37
Utrecht: 12
Wageningen: 29
NORWAY
Oslo: 16
SINGAPORE
Singapore: 42
SPAIN
Barcelona: 2
Bilbao: 2
Llobregat: 2
Madrid: 2
Oviedo: 2
Salamanca: 2
Santiago de Compostela: 2
SWEDEN
Gothenburg: 36
Stockholm: 1
SWITZERLAND
Geneva: 1
Zurich: 1
UNITED KINGDOM
Cardiff: 14
Durham: 1
East Sussex: 39
Hinxton: 2
Swansea: 1
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Alabama
Auburn: 1
Arizona
Tucson: 5
California
Berkeley: 1
China Lake: 31
Davis: 11
Foster City: 16
Los Angeles: 21
San Francisco: 9, 21, 40
Stanford: 16, 26
Colorado
Boulder: 5
Connecticut
New Haven: 8
Florida
Miami: 34
Illinois
Urbana: 28, 31
Indiana
Indianapolis: 24
Muncie: 27
Maryland
Baltimore: 16, 42
Bethesda: 21
Greenbelt: 5
Massachusetts
Boston: 8, 24
Cambridge: 16
New Hampshire
Durham: 32
Hanover: 16
New Jersey
Piscataway: 34
New Mexico
Albuquerque: 31
New York
Ithaca: 38
New York: 11, 17, 18, 25, 33, 34, 42
North Carolina
Chapel Hill: 16
Pennsylvania
Bethlehem: 14
Philadelphia: 26
Rhode Island
Providence: 35
Tennessee
Oak Ridge: 23
Texas
Dallas: 8
Utah
Salt Lake City: 34
Virginia
Ashburn: 30
Wisconsin
Madison: 40
PRESS CONTACTS…
For media inquiries relating to embargo policy for all the Nature Research Journals:
Rachel Twinn (Nature London)
Tel: +44 20 7843 4658; E-mail: [email protected]
Neda Afsarmanesh (Nature New York)
Tel: +1 212 726 9231; E-mail: [email protected]
Ruth Francis (Head of Press, Nature, London)
Tel: +44 20 7843 4562; E-mail: [email protected]
For media inquiries relating to editorial content/policy for the Nature Research Journals, please contact the journals individually:
Nature Biotechnology (New York)
Michael Francisco
Tel: +1 212 726 9288; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Cell Biology (London)
Sowmya Swaminathan
Tel: +44 20 7843 4656; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Chemical Biology (Boston)
Carrie Meggs
Tel: +1 617 475 9241, E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Chemistry (London)
Stuart Cantrill
Tel: +44 20 7014 4018; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Climate Change (London)
Olive Heffernan
Tel: +44 20 7014 4009; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Genetics (New York)
Myles Axton
Tel: +1 212 726 9324; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Geoscience (London)
Heike Langenberg
Tel: +44 20 7843 4042; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Immunology (New York)
Laurie Dempsey
Tel: +1 212 726 9372; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Materials (London)
Vincent Dusastre
Tel: +44 20 7843 4531; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Medicine (New York)
Juan Carlos Lopez
Tel: +1 212 726 9325; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Methods (New York)
Hugh Ash
Tel: +1 212 726 9627; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Nanotechnology (London)
Peter Rodgers
Tel: +44 20 7014 4019; Email: [email protected]
Nature Neuroscience (New York)
Kalyani Narasimhan
Tel: +1 212 726 9319; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Photonics (Tokyo)
Oliver Graydon
Tel: +81 3 3267 8776; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Physics (London)
Alison Wright
Tel: +44 20 7843 4555; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology (New York)
Sabbi Lall
Tel: +1 212 726 9326; E-mail: [email protected]
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