Researchers from Osaka University have identified a novel mechanism by which a gene called GREB1 Isoform4 (Is4) is involved in pyrimidine synthesis and causes malignant melanoma, showing GREB1 Is4 a new therapeutic target for melanoma.
Osaka, Japan – Malignant melanoma is a type of skin cancer that originates from melanocytes or nevi, causing about 80% of skin cancer-related deaths. While some cases have shown significant response to existing molecular targeted therapies, as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors, there are also instances in which these treatments have proven ineffective. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic agents for cases resistant to these drug therapies has been required.
In a study published this month in Oncogene, researchers from Osaka University have discovered that the expression of a specific isoform of GREB1 isoform 4 (Is4) is induced in malignant melanoma cells under the influence of the melanocyte-specific transcription factor, MITF and GREB1 Is4 promotes cancer cell proliferation and the regulation of pyrimidine metabolism. Furthermore, the anti-tumor effect of antisense nucleic acids against GREB1 showed a potential new modality for malignant melanoma.
To investigate the mechanisms by which GREB1 Is4 is induced in malignant melanoma and involved in its growth, the research group used a mouse model of malignant melanoma and human clinical samples to comprehensively demonstrate that induction of GREB1 Is4 expression by the MITF transcription factor is important in malignant melanoma development and prognosis.
Subsequent analysis revealed the pathway by which GREB1 activation leads to melanoma cell proliferation. Generally, cancer cells are characterized by their repeated uncontrolled proliferation, and chemotherapy has traditionally been used to suppress cell proliferation by inhibiting the nucleic acids synthesis. In this study, the research group demonstrated that CAD, the rate-limiting enzyme for pyrimidine synthesis, as a binding protein for GREB1 Is4, and GREB1 Is4 is essential for pyrimidine synthesis in malignant melanoma by biochemical and metabolomic analyses.
Furthermore, the results of this study are of social significance because GREB1 Is4 has been shown to be a therapeutic target in malignant melanoma, and antisense oligonucleic acids against GREB1 are expected to become new therapeutic agents in the future.
This highly significant study reveals that mechanisms directly responsible for the execution of cell proliferation, such as nucleic acid synthesis, control cancer cell development and proliferation and indicated new methods of melanoma treatment in the future.
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The article, “GREB1 isoform 4 is specifically transcribed by MITF and required for melanoma proliferation”, was published in Oncogene at DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41388-023-02803-6
About Osaka University
Osaka University was founded in 1931 as one of the seven imperial universities of Japan and is now one of Japan's leading comprehensive universities with a broad disciplinary spectrum. This strength is coupled with a singular drive for innovation that extends throughout the scientific process, from fundamental research to the creation of applied technology with positive economic impacts. Its commitment to innovation has been recognized in Japan and around the world, being named Japan's most innovative university in 2015 (Reuters 2015 Top 100) and one of the most innovative institutions in the world in 2017 (Innovative Universities and the Nature Index Innovation 2017). Now, Osaka University is leveraging its role as a Designated National University Corporation selected by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to contribute to innovation for human welfare, sustainable development of society, and social transformation.
Website: https://resou.osaka-u.ac.jp/en