NATURE AND THE NATURE RESEARCH JOURNALS PRESS RELEASE
For papers that will be published online on 19 February 2006
This press release is copyrighted to the Nature journals mentioned below.
This press release contains:
* Summaries of newsworthy papers:
* From crystal to glass - Nature Physics
* Hunger for memories - Nature Neuroscience
* Mention of papers to be published at the same time with the same
embargo
* Mention of a paper with an earlier embargo
* Geographical listing of authors
PDFs of all the papers mentioned on this release can be found in the
relevant journal's section of http://press.nature.com. Press contacts for
the Nature journals are listed at the end of this release.
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may contain information that is price sensitive (as legally defined, for
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PLEASE CITE THE SPECIFIC NATURE JOURNAL AND WEBSITE AS THE SOURCE OF THE FOLLOWING ITEMS. IF PUBLISHING ONLINE, PLEASE CARRY A HYPERLINK TO THE APPROPRIATE JOURNAL'S WEBSITE.
************************NATURE PHYSICS***********************
(http://www.nature.com/naturephysics
<http://www.nature.com/naturematerials>)
[1] From crystal to glass
DOI: 10.1038/nphys235
A new model that explains why cooling sometimes causes liquid molecules to
form disordered glasses rather than ordered crystals, is described in the
March issue of Nature Physics.
To find a link between the disordered glassy and normal crystalline states
formed by liquids, Hiroshi Shintani and Hajime Tanaka propose a simple model
that covers this range of behaviour. Their two-dimensional model of a simple
molecular system can be tuned continuously from one state to another - from
a crystal to a plastic crystal, to a melt, to a glass containing crystalline
clusters.
The authors take a liquid model whose molecules would naturally form an
ordered crystalline structure and add a potential that favours the formation
of disordered clusters of five-fold crystals. The resulting frustration in
the system can then be controlled to alter the degree to which the ordered
structure is formed, against the number of disordered clusters within the
liquid.
They are able to show that the liquid naturally forms both types of
structure in a dynamic system. The presence of the domains provides a
natural explanation for the dramatic slowing down of the dynamics in a
glassy system.
Author contact:
Hajime Tanaka (University of Tokyo, Japan)
Tel: +81 354 526125, E-mail: [email protected]
<mailto:[email protected]>
Additional contact for comment on paper:
Peter Harrowell (University of Sydney, Australia)
Tel: +61 293 514102, E-mail: [email protected]
<mailto:[email protected]>
***************NATURE NEUROSCIENCE*****************
(<http://www.nature.com/natureneuroscience>)
[2] Hunger for memories
DOI: 10.1038/nn1656
The hunger-signaling gut hormone ghrelin can increase the number of nerve
connections in a region of the brain crucial for the formation of new
memories, reports a study in the March issue of Nature Neuroscience. This
finding suggests unexpected ways that brain function may be influenced by
what is going on elsewhere in the body.
Ghrelin is released by the empty stomach into the bloodstream, and can then
activate receptors throughout the brain. In the hypothalamus, ghrelin acts
to stimulate appetite, but its function in other brain regions is unknown.
Tamas Horvath and colleagues now report that mice lacking the ghrelin gene
have 25% fewer synapses in the hippocampus, which is known to be essential
to learning. They find that injecting normal mice with extra ghrelin
increases synapses in the hippocampus, and improves the animals' performance in several learning and memory tests.
These findings suggest that hunger may act through ghrelin to improve an
animal's ability to learn and remember.
Author contact:
Tamas Horvath (Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT, USA)
Tel: +1 203 785 4597, E-mail: [email protected]
<mailto:[email protected]>
Other papers from Nature Neuroscience to be published online at the same
time and with the same embargo:
[3] Silencing of EphA3 through a cis interaction with ephrinA5
DOI: 10.1038/nn1655
[4] The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus is critical for the expression of
food-entrainable circadian rhythms
DOI: 10.1038/nn1651
[5] Pigment epithelium-derived factor is a niche signal for neural stem cell
renewal
DOI: 10.1038/nn1657
[6] FACS-array profiling of striatal projection neuron subtypes in juvenile
and adult mouse brains
DOI: 10.1038/nn1654
*******************************************************
Items from other Nature journals to be published online at the same time and
with the same embargo:
Nature (<http://www.nature.com/nature>)
[7] Toll-dependent selection of microbial antigens for presentation by
dendritic cells
DOI: 10.1038/nature04596
NATURE MATERIALS (<http://www.nature.com/naturematerials>)
[8] Gain without inversion in semiconductor nanostructures
DOI: 10.1038/nmat1586
[9] From colour fingerprinting to the control of photoluminescence in
elastic photonic crystals
DOI: 10.1038/nmat1588
[10] Highly oriented crystals at the buried interface in polythiophene
thin-film transistors
DOI: 10.1038/nmat1590
[11] Proton conduction in rare-earth ortho-niobates and ortho-tantalates
DOI: 10.1038/nmat1591
[12] Direct visualization of defect-mediated dissociation of water on
TiO2(110)
DOI: 10.1038/nmat1592
[13] Current-induced magnetization reversal in nanopillars with
perpendicular anisotropy
DOI: 10.1038/nmat1595
[14] Spontaneous assembly of viruses on multilayered polymer surfaces
DOI: 10.1038/nmat1596
Nature MEDICINE (<http://www.nature.com/naturemedicine>)
[15] Mutations in antiquitin in individuals with pyridoxine-dependent
seizures
DOI: 10.1038/nm1366
[16] Effective gene therapy with nonintegrating lentiviral vectors
DOI: 10.1038/nm1365
[17] Prolonged diabetes reversal after intraportal xenotransplantation of
wild-type porcine islets in immunosuppressed nonhuman primates
DOI: 10.1038/nm1369
[18] Beta-cell differentiation from nonendocrine epithelial cells of the
adult human pancreas
DOI: 10.1038/nm1367
[19] Human tissue-engineered blood vessels for adult arterial
revascularization
DOI: 10.1038/nm1364
NATURE GENETICS (<http://www.nature.com/naturegenetics>)
[20] Automating sequence-based detection and genotyping of SNPs from diploid
samples
DOI: 10.1038/ng1746
[21] Long-range polony haplotyping of individual human chromosome molecules
DOI: 10.1038/ng1741
[22] Ciliogenesis defects in embryos lacking inturned or fuzzy function are
associated with failure of planar cell polarity and Hedgehog signaling
DOI: 10.1038/ng1753
Nature IMMUNOLOGY (<http://www.nature.com/natureimmunology>)
[23] MyD88-mediated stabilization of interferon-gamma-induced cytokine and
chemokine mRNA
DOI: 10.1038/ni1308
[24] Negative regulation of CD8 expression via Cd8 enhancer-mediated
recruitment of the zinc finger protein MAZR
DOI: 10.1038/ni1311
NATURE CELL BIOLOGY (<http://www.nature.com/naturecellbiology>)
[25] Intracellular trafficking and proteolysis of the Arabidopsis
auxin-efflux facilitator PIN2 are involved in root gravitropism
DOI: 10.1038/ncb1369
[26] The microRNA miR-181 targets the homeobox protein Hox-A11 during
mammalian myoblast differentiation
DOI: 10.1038/ncb1373
[27] Retinoic-acid signalling in node ectoderm and posterior neural plate
directs left-right patterning of somitic mesoderm
DOI: 10.1038/ncb1374
[28] GM130 and GRASP65-dependent lateral cisternal fusion allows uniform
Golgi-enzyme distribution
DOI: 10.1038/ncb1366
[29] A selective block of nuclear actin export stabilizes the giant nuclei
of Xenopus oocytes
DOI: 10.1038/ncb1357
Nature STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(<http://www.nature.com/natstructmolbiol>)
[30] Close membrane-membrane proximity induced by Ca2+-dependent multivalent
binding of synaptotagmin-1 to phospholipids
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb1056
[31] Amyloid formation under physiological conditions proceeds via a
native-like folding intermediate
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb1058
[32] The S-MK box is a new SAM binding RNA for translational regulation of
SAM synthetase
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb1059
[33] Recognition of helical kinks by xeroderma pigmentosum group A protein
triggers DNA excision repair
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb1061
[34] A native to amyloidogenic transition regulated by a backbone trigger
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb1068
[35] Active PHO5 chromatin encompasses variable numbers of nucleosomes at
individual promoters
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb1062
NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
***Please note this is the only item on this press release for immediate
release. All other items remain embargoed until Sunday 19 February 18:00
London Time (GMT)***
[36] A shRNA bar code screen provides insight into cancer cell vulnerability
to MDM2 inhibitors
DOI: 10.1038/nchembio774
***********************************************************
GEOGRAPHICAL LISTING OF AUTHORS
The following list of places refers to the whereabouts of authors on the
papers numbered in this release. The listing may be for an author's main
affiliation, or for a place where they are working temporarily. Please see
the PDF of the paper for full details.
AUSTRIA
Graz: 15
Vienna: 24
Wien: 27
CANADA
Alberta: 18
Toronto: 9
Waterloo: 9
CZECH REPUBLIC
Brno: 25
FRANCE
Cedex: 13, 26
GERMANY
Berlin: 15
Breisgau: 15
Freiburg: 16
Heidelberg: 16, 29
Karlsruhe: 9
Tubingen: 3, 25
ITALY
Firenze: 9
JAPAN
Kobe: 12
Tokyo: 1
MALAYSIA
Kuala Lumpur: 12
NORWAY
Oslo: 11
POLAND
Torun: 25
SPAIN
Albacete: 5
Burjassot: 5
SWITZERLAND
Neuchatel: 8
Zurich: 15, 33
THE NETHERANDS
Amsterdam: 15
Nijmegen: 15
UNITED KINGDOM
Leeds: 31
London: 3, 8, 12, 15, 16, 24
Manchester: 12
Sheffield: 15
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
California
Berkeley: 22
Davis: 20
La Jolla: 18, 27
Los Angeles: 6
Menlo Park: 10
Novato: 19
Sacramento: 19
San Francisco: 28
San Jose: 13
Stanford: 10, 20
Colorado
Denver: 17
Connecticut
New Haven: 2, 7, 34
Georgia
Atlanta: 19
Massachusetts
Boston: 4, 21
Cambridge: 14
Charlestown: 17
Minnesota
Minneapolis: 17
St Paul: 17
Michigan
Ann Arbor: 16
Missouri:
St Louis: 2, 21
New York
New York: 2, 7, 23
Tarrytown: 2
North Carolina
Durham: 21
Ohio
Cincinnati: 2, 16, 35
Columbus: 32
Pennsylvania
Pittsburgh: 28
Texas
Austin: 22
College Station: 30, 35
Dallas: 30
Houston: 30
Washington
Seattle: 19, 20, 24, 34
PRESS CONTACTS...
For media inquiries relating to embargo policy for all the Nature Research
Journals:
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Tel: +44 20 7843 4502; E-mail: [email protected]
Ruth Francis (Senior Press Officer, Nature, London)
Tel: +44 20 7843 4562; E-mail: [email protected]
For media inquiries relating to editorial content/policy for the Nature
Research Journals, please contact the journals individually:
Nature Biotechnology (New York)
Kathy Aschheim
Tel: +1 212 726 9346; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Cell Biology (London)
Bernd Pulverer
Tel: +44 20 7843 4892; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Chemical Biology (Boston)
Beatrice Chrystall
Tel: +1 617 475 9241, E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Genetics (New York)
Orli Bahcall
Tel: +1 212 726 9311; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Immunology (New York)
Laurie Dempsey
Tel: +1 212 726 9372; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Materials (London)
Maria Bellantone
Tel: +44 20 7843 4556; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Medicine (New York)
Juan Carlos Lopez
Tel: +1 212 726 9325; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Neuroscience (New York)
Sandra Aamodt (based in California)
Tel: +1 530 795 3256; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Physics (London)
Alison Wright
Tel: +44 20 7843 4555; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology (New York)
Ed Feng
Tel: +1 212 726 9351; E-mail: [email protected]
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