CST axons entering into the graft (Green, graft; Red, CST axon)
Researchers from Hokkaido University in Japan together with an international team of scientists implanted specialized embryonic stem cells into the severed spinal cords of rats. The stem cells, called neural progenitor cells, were taken from rat embryos and directed to develop as spinal cord tissue. The implants, or “grafts”, promoted extensive regeneration of the severed nerve fibres, with the rats showing improvement in their ability to move their forelimbs. The team also used grafts of human neural stem cells in injured rats with similar results, demonstrating the potential of the success of this method across species.
The corticospinal tract (CST) is a band of nerve fibres that travels from the brain, through the brain stem and into the spinal cord. This structure is very important for motor function in humans. Injuries to the CST can result in paralysis. Much research has been done, with some progress, on using stem cells to regenerate other bands of nerve fibres in the spinal cord. But these have involved small gaps between the severed nerves in the presence of bands of bridging tissue. Lesions to nerve fibres located in the CST, however, and those involving large gaps and no bands of bridging tissue have proven largely resistant to regeneration.
The success of this current trial, reported in Nature Medicine, is promising for the future treatment of humans with severe spinal cord injuries. But much work remains to be done before it can be translated into clinical treatments. Further research is required to determine the best cell type to be used for grafting and for establishing safe grafting methods.
For more information, contact
Dr Ken Kadoya (Researcher)
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
Hokkaido University
Japan
Email: [email protected]
Mr. Naoki NAMBA (Media Officer)
Hokkaido University
Office of International Affairs
Global Relations Office
Tel: +81-11-706-8034
About Hokkaido University
Hokkaido University is one of the oldest, largest, and most prestigious universities in Japan. Boasting the largest number of faculties of Japan’s national universities, we cover almost all areas of the humanities and social and natural sciences and are leader in research activities in Japan and the world. Our alumni include a Nobel laureate, business leaders, research pioneers, artists and writers.
