NATURE AND THE NATURE RESEARCH JOURNALS PRESS RELEASE
For papers that will be published online on 07 March 2010
This press release is copyrighted to the Nature journals mentioned below.
This press release contains:
· Summaries of newsworthy papers:
Medicine: HIV’s hiding place
Immunology: T cell maturation requires vitamin D
Genetics: Variants associated with pediatric allergic disorder
· Mention of papers to be published at the same time with the same embargo
· Geographical listing of authors
PDFs of all the papers mentioned on this release can be found in the relevant journal’s section of http://press.nature.com. Press contacts for the Nature journals are listed at the end of this release.
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[1] Medicine: HIV’s hiding place
DOI: 10.1038/nm.2109
The AIDS virus can infect hematopoietic progenitor cells — which give rise to blood cells — and can lay dormant to cause persistent infection, according to a report in this week’s Nature Medicine. The identification of a cellular reservoir of dormant cells infected with HIV has important implications for the development of new strategies that may interfere with persistent infection.
HIV causes a chronic infection characterized by the depletion of certain populations of immune cells and the development of opportunistic infections. Despite the availability of drugs that inhibit the spread of the virus, HIV infection has been difficult to cure because of uncharacterized reservoirs of infected cells that are resistant to therapy. Kathleen Collins and colleagues now show that hematopoietic progenitor cells can be infected by HIV, and the virus can persist in a dormant mode in these cells until specific differentiation factors awaken it from its latent state.
Author contact:
Kathleen Collins (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA)
Tel: +1 734 615 1320; E–mail: [email protected]
[2] Immunology: T cell maturation requires vitamin D
DOI: 10.1038/ni.1851
Vitamin D is a key component in a critical signaling pathway in T immune cells, according to a study published online in Nature Immunology. The finding explains why T cells from patients with low concentrations of vitamin D are less fit during infection compared to T cells from healthy individuals.
Carsten Geisler and colleagues found that ‘inexperienced’ or naïve human T cells lack the expression of PLC-gamma1 – an enzyme required for signaling in T cells. The lack of this enzyme makes naïve T cells much less responsive to antigen stimulation than ‘experienced’ or mature T cells. PLC-gamma1 expression was found to require vitamin D. Strikingly, the dependency of mature T cells on vitamin D was not found in mice.
Author contact:
Carsten Geisler (University of Copenhagen, Denmark)
Tel: +45 3532 7880; E-mail: [email protected]
[3] Genetics: Variants associated with pediatric allergic disorder
DOI: 10.1038/ng.547
Genetic variants at chromosome 5q22 are associated with pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) – a type of allergic disorder often triggered by food allergies, according to a study published online this week in Nature Genetics.
EoE affects approximately 1 in 10,000 individuals and occurs predominantly in young males who have a history of eczema and asthma. The disorder is characterized by inflammation of the esophagus and the accumulation of eosinophils — a type of immune system cell — in the esophagus. In most cases, EoE can be treated by introduction of a simple diet that lacks any allergenic food proteins.
Hakon Hakonarson and colleagues performed genome-wide analysis of approximately 400 patients with EoE and find that genetic variants at chromosome 5q22 are associated with EoE. This chromosome interval contains the gene TSLP, whose expression is increased in the esophageal biopsies of EoE patients compared to unaffected individuals.
Author contact:
Hakon Hakonarson (The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA)
Tel: +1 267 426 0088; E-mail: [email protected]
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Items from other Nature journals to be published online at the same time and with the same embargo:
Nature (http://www.nature.com/nature)
[4] Spatial control of EGF receptor activation by reversible dimerization on living cells
DOI: 10.1038/nature08827
[5] Control of female gamete formation by a small RNA pathway in Arabidopsis
DOI: 10.1038/nature08828
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY (http://www.nature.com/naturebiotechnology)
[6] Isotopic labeling of terminal amines in complex samples identifies protein N-termini and protease cleavage products
DOI: 10.1038/nbt.1611
NATURE CELL BIOLOGY (http://www.nature.com/naturecellbiology)
[7] PtdIns(3)P controls cytokinesis through KIF13A-mediated recruitment of FYVE-CENT to the midbody
DOI: 10.1038/ncb2036
NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY (http://www.nature.com/nchembio)
[8] Disulfide-directed histone ubiquitylation reveals plasticity in hDot1L activation
DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.315
[9] Chemically ubiquitylated PCNA as a probe for eukaryotic translesion DNA synthesis
DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.316
NATURE CHEMISTRY (http://www.nature.com/nchem)
[10] Binding energies, lifetimes and implications of bulk and interface solvated electrons in water
DOI: 10.1038/nchem.580
NATURE GENETICS (http://www.nature.com/naturegenetics)
[11] Mutations in the mitochondrial protease AFG3L2 cause dominant hereditary ataxia SCA28
DOI: 10.1038/ng.544
[12] Nucleosome dynamics define transcriptional enhancers
DOI: 10.1038/ng.545
[13] Mixed linear approach adapted for genome-wide association studies
DOI: 10.1038/ng.546
[14 Accounting for sample structure in large scale genome-wide association studies using a variance component model
DOI: 10.1038/ng.548
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (http://www.nature.com/natureimmunology)
[15] Regulation of leukocyte recruitment by the long pentraxin PTX3
DOI:10.1038/ni.1854
NATURE MATERIALS (http://www.nature.com/naturematerials)
[16] Chemically driven carbon-nanotube-guided thermopower waves
DOI: 10.1038/nmat2714
[17] Up on the Jaynes–Cummings ladder of a quantum-dot/microcavity system
DOI: 10.1038/nmat2717
[18] Electric-field-controlled ferromagnetism in high-Curie-temperature Mn0:05Ge0:95 quantum dots
DOI: 10.1038/nmat2716
Nature MEDICINE (http://www.nature.com/naturemedicine)
[19] Programmed death-1–induced interleukin-10 production by monocytes impairs CD4+ T cell activation during HIV infection
DOI: 10.1038/nm.2106
NATURE METHODS (http://www.nature.com/nmeth)
[20] Toxoplasma secreting Cre recombinase for analysis of host-parasite interactions
DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1438
[21] Cell-Type-Specific Gene Expression Differences from Complex Tissues
DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1439
NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY (http://www.nature.com/nnano)
[22] Detection of single-molecule H2O2 signalling from epidermal growth factor receptor using fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes
DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2010.24
[23] One-to-one comparison of sunscreen efficacy, aesthetics and potential nanotoxicity
DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2010.25
[24] Polyethylene nanofibres with very high thermal conductivities
DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2010.27
Nature NEUROSCIENCE (http://www.nature.com/natureneuroscience)
[25] Natural experience determines the strength of body and face representations in visual cortex
DOI: 10.1038nn.2502
[26] Methylphenidate facilitates learning-induced amygdala plasticity
DOI: 10.1038nn.2506
[27] Synaptic correlates of fear extinction of the amygdala
DOI: 10.1038nn.2499
[28] A central hub for the control of attention and awareness in ventral prefrontal cortex
DOI: 10.1038nn.2509
NATURE PHOTONICS (http://www.nature.com/nphoton)
[29] Polarization-entangled photons produced with high-symmetry site-controlled quantum dots
DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2010.2
[30] Towards high-speed optical quantum memories
DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2010.30
Nature PHYSICS (http://www.nature.com/naturephysics)
[31] Rotational laser cooling of vibrationally and translationally cold molecular ions
DOI: 10.1038/nphys1604
[32] All-optical preparation of molecular ions in the rovibrational ground state
DOI: 10.1038/nphys1605
[33] Dynamical axion field in topological magnetic insulators
DOI: 10.1038/nphys1534
[34] Exploring laser-wakefield-accelerator regimes for near-term lasers using particle-in-cell simulation in Lorentz-boosted frames
DOI: 10.1038/nphys1538
Nature STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (http://www.nature.com/natstructmolbiol)
[35] PHF8 activates transcription of rRNA genes through H3K4me3 binding and H3K9me1/2 demethylation
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.1778
[36] The tension-transmitting ‘clutch’ in the mechanosensitive channel MscS
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.1775
[37] Alternative end-joining is suppressed by the canonical NHEJ component Xrcc4–ligase IV during chromosomal translocation formation
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.1773
[38] Structural basis for receptor recognition by New World hemorrhagic fever arenaviruses
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.1772
[39] Visualization of codon-dependent conformational rearrangements during translation termination
DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.1766
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GEOGRAPHICAL LISTING OF AUTHORS
The following list of places refers to the whereabouts of authors on the papers numbered in this release. The listing may be for an author's main affiliation, or for a place where they are working temporarily. Please see the PDF of the paper for full details.
AUSTRALIA
Queensland: 18
Tasmania:
Victoria: 23
AUSTRIA
Vienna: 35
BRAZIL
Minas Gerais: 15
CANADA:
Montreal: 19
Ottawa: 30
Quebec: 19
Vancouver: 6
CHINA
Beijing: 24, 33
Shanghai: 12
CZECH REPUBLIC
Praha: 22
DENMARK
Aarhus: 31
Copenhagen: 2
GERMANY
Berlin: 10
Cologne: 11
Dusseldorf: 32
Freiburg: 6, 35
Goettingen: 10
Heidelberg: 35
Leipzig: 10
Wurzburg: 17
HUNGARY
Temesvari: 9
ISRAEL
Haifa: 6
ITALY
Milan: 11, 15
Pomezia: 15
Rozzano: 15
Rome: 11
Santa Maria Imbaro: 15
Turin: 11
Verona: 15
KOREA
Gyeonggi: 16
MEXICO
Guanajuato: 5
NORWAY
Oslo: 7
PORTUGAL
Lisbon: 34
SPAIN
Madrid: 13
SWITZERLAND
Basel: 21
Lausanne: 29
Zurich: 6, 29
UNITED KINGDOM
Birmingham: 13
Cardiff: 17
Cambridge: 16, 22, 24
London: 11
Oxford: 30
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Alabama
Birmingham: 13
Arizona
Maricopa: 13
Phoenix: 5
California
Irvine: 20
Los Angeles: 14, 18, 34
San Diego: 3
San Francisco: 4, 20, 26
Santa Clara: 18
Stanford: 14, 20, 21, 33
Connecticut
New Haven: 4
Delaware
Newark: 9, 30
Florida
Port St. Lucie: 19
Illinois
Chicago: 28
Kansas
Manhattan: 13
Maryland
Baltimore: 39
Bethesda: 12, 19, 25
College Park: 36
Massachusetts
Boston: 12, 13, 14, 38
Cambridge: 20, 26
Southborough: 38
Michigan
Ann Arbor: 1, 14
New Hampshire
Lebanon: 12
New Jersey
East Hanover: 21
Newark: 27
New York
Ithaca: 13
New York: 5, 8, 37
North Carolina
Chapel Hill: 12
Ohio
Cincinnati: 3
Columbus: 5, 12
Pennsylvania
Philadelphia: 3
Tennessee
Nashville: 28
Texas
San Antonio: 1
PRESS CONTACTS…
For media inquiries relating to embargo policy for all the Nature Research Journals:
Rachel Twinn (Nature London)
Tel: +44 20 7843 4658; E-mail: [email protected]
Neda Afsarmanesh (Nature New York)
Tel: +1 212 726 9231; E-mail: [email protected]
Ruth Francis (Head of Press, Nature, London)
Tel: +44 20 7843 4562; E-mail: [email protected]
For media inquiries relating to editorial content/policy for the Nature Research Journals, please contact the journals individually:
Nature Biotechnology (New York)
Michael Francisco
Tel: +1 212 726 9288; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Cell Biology (London)
Sowmya Swaminathan
Tel: +44 20 7843 4656; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Chemical Biology (Boston)
Sarah Daniels
Tel: +1 617 475 9241, E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Chemistry (London)
Stuart Cantrill
Tel: +44 20 7014 4018; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Genetics (New York)
Myles Axton
Tel: +1 212 726 9324; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Geoscience (London)
Heike Langenberg
Tel: +44 20 7843 4042; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Immunology (New York)
Laurie Dempsey
Tel: +1 212 726 9372; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Materials (London)
Vincent Dusastre
Tel: +44 20 7843 4531; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Medicine (New York)
Juan Carlos Lopez
Tel: +1 212 726 9325; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Methods (New York)
Hugh Ash
Tel: +1 212 726 9627; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Nanotechnology (London)
Peter Rodgers
Tel: +44 20 7014 4019; Email: [email protected]
Nature Neuroscience (New York)
Kalyani Narasimhan
Tel: +1 212 726 9319; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Photonics (Tokyo)
Oliver Graydon
Tel: +81 3 3267 8776; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Physics (London)
Alison Wright
Tel: +44 20 7843 4555; E-mail: [email protected]
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology (New York)
Sabbi Lall
Tel: +1 212 726 9326; E-mail: [email protected]
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