India
News
25 May 2026
Impart
From temporary pits drawn in sand to finely crafted wooden boards, pallanguzhi has been played across South India for generations. Associated especially with women’s leisure and festival gatherings, the game reflects traditions of strategy, arithmetic, and social exchange, alongside possible links to older mancala traditions circulating across the Indian Ocean trade routes.
16 Mar 2026
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From royal armouries to international exhibitions, koftgari reflects a metalworking tradition shaped by conquest, courtly patronage, and shifting markets. Across Persia and South Asia, artisans inlaid steel with gold and silver, turning arms and regalia into symbols of power, protection, and prestige. Explore the craft across changing political landscapes as its patronage and purpose evolved.
23 Feb 2026
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From apostolic legend to colonial revival, the Santhome Cathedral Basilica stands at the crossroads of faith, history, and architecture. Built over a site associated with Saint Thomas — the Apostle of the East — it layers early Christian memory, maritime exchange, and neo-Gothic ambition into a living shrine.
21 Jan 2026
National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
A glowing test strip offers real-time protection against formaldehyde exposure in homes, workplaces, and labs.
15 Dec 2025
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From Jesuit apothecaries in Goa to royal treasuries in Europe, Goa stones were sought-after remedies and status objects in the seventeenth century. Discover how these artificial bezoars were made, traded, and treasured across continents.
24 Nov 2025
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Known as chattra, koda, godugu, sesath and hti in several Indian, Sri Lankan and Burmese languages, the ceremonial parasol has remained a symbol of divinity and political authority across South and Southeast Asia. Discover some of its earliest depictions and read about its making and use today.
23 Oct 2025
Coffee beans harvested from the faeces of the Asian palm civet may have higher levels of fats and other key flavour-enhancing compounds than traditionally harvested beans. according to a new study, helping explain why civet coffee is so prized.
20 Oct 2025
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In 2022, Bangladeshi architecture firm Sthapotik designed a mausoleum for the influential 20th-century Uwaisi pir (saint), Shah Muhammad Mohshin Khan. Located in Manikganj, approximately 54 kilometres from Dhaka, this building stands out as a most unconventional interpretation of the traditional dargah, or Sufi tomb.
22 Sep 2025
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Chimeric, half-human, half-animal figures of stone guard the doorways of many historic and contemporary temples across the world. Read more about these powerful entities and how they were crucial to the evolution of Hindu and Buddhist practices in southern India.
25 Aug 2025
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In the East Indian Ocean, the indigenous inhabitants of Nicobar carved fearsome figurines called hantakoi to fight off malevolent spirits. These totemic scare-devils, represented in both human and zoomorphic form, reveal the ways in which the people of Nicobar engaged with other dwellers of the Indian Ocean world.
23 Jul 2025
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An early 19th-century miniature painting depicts a late-night tryst between two lovers, under the storm clouds of twilight skies. Created in western India’s Mewar court atelier, by the master painter Chokha, this image reveals layers of meaning.
25 Jun 2025
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In 1938, archaeologists discovered an ivory statuette of a goddess in the ruins of the Roman city of Pompeii, which was buried under ash for thousands of years after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE. Who was this goddess — Lakshmi, the Hindu deity of wealth and prosperity or Venus, the Roman goddess of beauty — and why was she in Pompeii?
26 May 2025
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The story of Hanuman and Suvannamaccha, a mermaid, is beloved by generations in Southeast Asia who are familiar with the epic Ramayana, known locally as Ramakien. This tale is, however, altogether absent from the canonical Hindu Ramayana — a testament to the spread, influence, and adaptation of Hinduism and its mythologies in the ancient Indian Ocean world.
23 Apr 2025
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Often depicted as a celestial being traversing the sky in a horse-drawn chariot, Surya is the sun god in Hinduism. Once a prominent Vedic figure, today his importance has declined. Discover the many mythologies of this solar deity, whose worship can be traced to the second century BCE.
24 Mar 2025
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In 1864, Prussian photographer John Edward Sache arrived in Calcutta and set up a studio in partnership with WF Westfield. From albumen prints of cityscapes to controversial photographs of Indians, Sache’s career embodied British imperial attitudes to colonised landscapes and peoples.
24 Feb 2025
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A popular pastime in South and Southeast Asia, carrom is played by flicking and pocketing coin-like discs across a smooth tabletop made of wood. Did you know that this game, which originated in India, is now played professionally in competitions across the West?
24 Jan 2025
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From an ancient Buddhist symbol representing the wheel of law to an enduring icon of self-reliance and resistance in the early twentieth century, the charkha, a hand-driven spinning wheel, and the chakra, the flat-spoked wheel with which it is often conflated, have lived many lives in South Asia.
02 Dec 2024
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Perched on a hill overlooking the village of Thiksey in Ladakh, Thiksey Monastery is one of the most expansive Buddhist complexes in India. Notable for its vast collection of murals, sculptures and rare manuscripts, this 15th-century religious site is heavily fortified and was once an administrative centre.
04 Nov 2024
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For centuries, gold and silver ornamentation was used to embellish textiles. Gota work is one such technique, which incorporates these precious metals in appliqué form. Read more about the history of this craft, which is inspired by Mughal and Islamic art, and found on bridal and ceremonial garments across northern India.
01 Oct 2024
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A luminary of modern Indian art, Jamini Roy is celebrated for his experiments with Bengali patachitra painting traditions and his brightly hued, bold and two-dimensional depictions of human, animal and mythological forms. Discover the legacy of this 20th-century artist, whose works have been declared national treasures of India under the Antiquities and Art Treasures Act, 1972.
09 Sep 2024
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A rare artefact of 19th-century tawaif culture, The Beauties of Lucknow is a fascinating photograph album from colonial South Asia. Compiled in 1874, it consists of 24 portraits of courtesans from Awadh in present-day Uttar Pradesh. Read more to know how Darogah Abbas Ali, the photographer behind it, reimagined Mughal-era muraqqa traditions and colonial portraiture to create one of the earliest works of nostalgia on the tawaifs of Lucknow.
26 Aug 2024
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A board game made of cloth or paper and featuring a series of squares, snakes and ladders, with the latter functioning as karmic devices, gyan chaupar was not only a popular recreation in ancient India, but also an important spiritual tool. Literally translating to the ‘game of knowledge’ this game instilled lessons on attaining moksha or salvation from the cycle of death and rebirth. Read more about gyan chaupar’s many variations in medieval India and how it gradually evolved into a children’s board game at the turn of the twentieth century.
12 Aug 2024
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Since the early 1900s, Indian women artists have consistently raised sociopolitical issues with their aesthetic and thematic choices. While painters like Amrita Sher-Gil were among the privileged few to have received global recognition in their lifetime, the works of Sunayani Devi, Mrinalini Mukherjee, Bhuri Bai and others have been overlooked in favour of their more celebrated male peers. Discover the rich legacy of feminist consciousness in modern Indian art and how it has been shaped by gender justice movements and caste reform in recent decades.
30 Jul 2024
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A historic folk tradition from Bengal, patua combines storytelling with scroll painting. Performers of this tradition travel from one village to another, reciting tales from Hindu epics like the Ramayana, and from local Santhal mythologies, bringing them to life by unravelling vivid scroll paintings illustrating these stories. Discover the ancient history, decline and revitalisation of this folk tradition, and how the government has used it to promote family planning in postcolonial India.
24 Jul 2024
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Fragrant, sweet, exotic and golden-yellow, the mango is an apt metaphor for summer in South Asia. Domesticated over 4,000 years ago, it has been a symbol of wealth, desire and luxury in the subcontinent. Peel back the layers of this iconic fruit to reveal the reasons behind its enduring popularity and read more about mango’s significance through art objects and discover how artists and craftsmen have tried to capture its essence in all its glory.
30 Jun 2024
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A 90-acre garden complex in the heart of New Delhi, Lodi Gardens is one of the city’s most-loved public parks. Surprisingly, it is actually a tomb complex — dotted with mosques and domes from the Sayyid, Lodi and Mughal eras. Explore the park’s cultural and geographical significance by tracing the garden's history from the 15th century to the present, and read about the iconic figures and architectural styles associated with the monument.
21 Jun 2024
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Associated with the forest and healing herbs, the goddess Parnashavari is revered for her ability to cure illnesses, contagious diseases and epidemics. A folk deity for the Shavari or Sabara indigenous community of central and eastern India, she was later integrated into the Buddhist pantheon and continues to be venerated in the Himalayan regions of Nepal and Tibet. Learn about her iconography and the symbolic objects and weapons she wields.
30 May 2024
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Renowned for its gleaming silver and gold inlay against dark metallic backgrounds, Bidriware metal work derives its name from the town of its origin — Bidar in southern India. While the earliest documented presence of Bidriware is in a 1625 Deccani miniature painting, the craft is believed to have originated in the 14th century under the patronage of the Bahmani Sultans. Bidriware's allure ensured that it was valued and patronised by royalty across the Indian subcontinent in the late medieval and early modern period. Read about this living tradition, and the processes behind the creation of Bidriware.
13 May 2024
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Late in the sixteenth century, a master artist from the Mughal emperor Akbar’s atelier adopted the technique of using monochromatic tones with highlights of colour or gold. Known as ‘nim qalam,’ Persian for ‘half pen,’ or ‘siyah qalam’ for ‘black pen’, this technique was eventually adopted by artists in the Deccan, and later the Rajput courts. Although its precise origins remain uncertain, nim qalam continues to be used by contemporary South Asian artists working on manuscript painting.
15 Apr 2024
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Once a two-armed attendant to the goddess Tara, over time, Marichi was increasingly endowed with power until she became a deity in her own right. Revered as a warrior and guardian against evil and darkness, Marichi’s imagery reveals myriad symbolisms — from her association with the sun to her role as a fierce protector. Read about the multifaceted nature of Marichi's mythology and imagery, spanning nations, cultures, and time.
Events
26 Nov 2021
Introducing EDUtech India, a virtual festival taking place on 26-27 November to bring together the education community across India.
24 Nov 2011
Academicians, researchers, scientists, policy makers and implementers, and government officials working in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology in the developing/developed countries, are invited to participate in this international workshop.
12 Oct 2011
This conference educates the engineering and scientific community on the need for lightning protection and safety, proper ways of lightning protection and maintenance and the current international issues and trends with regard to lightning protection, safety and Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
09 Aug 2011
4-days International Conference on the Potentials of New and Advanced materials for Developing Economies in Abuja, Nigeria
06 Dec 2011
The much awaited environment and wildlife biennial international competitive film festival and forum, CMS VATAVARAN is back. Film entries are invited from Indian and International filmmakers for 2011 festival focusing on biodiversity conservation.
11 Oct 2010
The Centre for Science & Technology of the Non-Aligned and Other Developing Countries (NAM S&T Centre) jointly with the National Science Centre and (MOSTI), announces a 4-day International Workshop on Science Centre in Promoting a Knowledge and Innovative Society for Sustained and Responsible Growth in Developing Countries.
02 Aug 2010
In order to discuss the current status, opportunities and trends of industrialisation and employment generation in villages, and creation, innovation and management of micro-enterprises in rural areas through the application of science and technology, the NAM S&T Centre announces the organisation of an International Workshop.
29 Sep 2009
The workshop is aimed at facilitating the sharing of information on various aspects of land degradation, exchanging the country specific information about land degradation, land use decisions and environment, seeking possibilities for cross country projects among NAM members and promoting scientist-to-scientist contact and interactions.
17 Nov 2009
Municipal water supply in most cities is unreliable and many villages in the developing countries do not have potable water supply. In this regard Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) seems an ideal sustainable solution.
18 May 2009
This international workshop aims at bringing together different researchers and academicians in the developing countries in the fields of nanotechnology and nanoscience.
10 Mar 2009
NAM S&T Centre jointly with the Uganda National Academy of Sciences (UNAS) is this roundtable. The current meet is a point in the direction whereby an efficient use of existing resources along with their sustainability is interwoven along with critical aspects relating to biodiversity.
14 Dec 2008
To become leaders in science and technology, the developing countries need to draw upon the talents from all sections of society, including the women with special interest and aptitude in science.
24 Jun 2008
Cleaner production involves persistent approach to prevent pollution, reduce the use of energy, water and material resources and minimize waste in the production process. This workshop will bring together experts to discuss diverse environmental strategies to increase eco-efficiency and minimize energy consumption.
24 Jun 2008
This workshop will be instrumental in bringing together the experts to discuss diverse environmental strategies targeted to cause increase in eco-efficiency and minimizing energy consumption in their respective regions / sub-regions.
16 Apr 2008
Land degradation affects more than 1900 million hectares of land word-wide, including 65% of the
region’s agricultural land. This international event will bring together experts from different fields to facilitate sharing of information on various aspects of land degradation.
25 Feb 2008
It is envisaged that this scientific programme will serve as a platform for experts, policy makers and other Government officials to share experiences and chart appropriate course to promote the science centres as the agents of change in the developing world.
20 Sep 2007
Hanoi, Vietnam - Experts and scientists interested in participating in the Workshop are required to submit their nomination form by 14th August 2007. The selection of the participants will be strictly based on merit and quality of the extended abstracts of the presentation material to be submitted along with the completed Nomination Form.
22 May 2007
Lightning causes serious losses, injuries and deaths. In South and East Asia, Africa and South America the problem is even more severe due to the high occurrence density of lighting, the large population and the rapid and unplanned industrialization. Lack of information and awareness are barriers hindering the development of protection systems.
09 Apr 2007
The objectives of this course are to ‘Exchange country information on Micro and Nano electronics and Photonics, Acquaint participants on the current and next generation devices and Deliberate on North-South and South-South collaboration to develop this sector in the developing countries.
08 Jan 2007
Natural disasters, almost in every case, do offer a new, live laboratory to test our ideas on the whole range of issues from policy formulation to people’s participation. The Roundtable would provide an opportunity to the participants to discuss these issues through case studies, simulated exercises and exchange of information
08 Nov 2006
The conference is aimed at broadly addressing the present S&T policies being followed in various countries with the degree of success and also exploring the possibility of coordination among developing countries on S&T policies.
01 Jul 2006
The seminar aims at highlighting the strategic initiatives taken by IndianJournals.com in the field of e-publishing & promotion of Indian Publications
12 Apr 2006
The seminar aims at highlighting the strategic initiatives taken by IndianJournals.com in the field of e-publishing and promotion of Indian Publications, in order to provide a global exposure along with national recognition, in the larger interest of Academicians, Societies & Publishers.
14 Mar 2006
Incoroprating Seminar on 'Transgenic Plants: A Challenge to Natural Farming and Nature Survival' on March 14, 2006.
06 Sep 2005
this conference will bring together international speakers and delegates to discuss the latest developments in nanotechnology for healthcare
03 Jan 2006
93rd Indian Science Congress on "Integrated Rural Development:Science and Technology" from 3-7 January, Hyderabad, India
Researchers
I am an efficient Professor able to Develop courses with IT skills & sound teaching skills in a manner attractive to students. I have vast experience in supervising postgraduate research & Contribute in a well manner to the ongoing academic development of the School’s postgraduate courses and research.
Dr. Mariyappan Shanmugam is a Professor of Physics at Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, India. He carries out research in the areas of Materials for Energy related applications. He completed his PhD at South Dakota State University, USA in 2011. He was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York and Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA during 2011-2015. He established a research and development division in a Silicon Valley-based start-up company, Macromolecular Inc., to develop photovoltaic materials and devices for space PV applications. Semiconductor Nanomaterials, Thin films, 2D-Layered Materials, Graphene, h-BN for Optoelectronics are his primary research interests.
Dr. Irshad CV holds a PhD in Economics with specialisation in Health Economics from IIT Madras, under the supervision of Prof Umakant Dash and Prof VR Muraludharan. He earned his bachelor’s and master’s degrees in Economics from the University of Calicut. His research focuses on health economics, population health, and gerontology. His doctoral thesis, Healthy Ageing in India: A Mixed Methods Approach, is among the early works on the subject in India and introduced the country’s first multi-dimensional Healthy Ageing Index (HAI). Two key studies from his thesis were published in the Journal of Population Ageing (Springer). He also presented his extended thesis-related research at an Asian Development Bank (ADB) conference supported by the Government of Japan. In 2021, he received a research grant from the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and IIPS Mumbai to examine social frailty among older adults. He co-edited the “Ageing and Care” section in Handbook of Ageing, Health and Public Policy (Springer).
Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University
Dr. Ashfaq Ahmad Shah 'اشفاک,' born on 6 June 1992, from south Kashmir, Dodarkoot ددیرکوٹ Kulgam, Jammu and Kashmir, India, is the microbiologist whose broad area of specialization incorporates infection immunity. He served as a researcher at the Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, UK, India, from 2020 to 2025. Currently he is working as Postdoctoral researcher and Junior Scientist in the KIET School of Pharmacy at KIET University. As a microbiology scientist, Dr. Shah has pursued novel dimensions of infection immunity pertaining to the correlation and impact of elicitation-triggered phytoalexins and phytoanticipins on the benign immune system of human beings. This parameter of immunology is termed phytoalexin-immunomodulation scrutiny in the contemporary era. Dr. Shah's research encompasses a range of areas, including the indagation on anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial compounds, evaluation of antibiotic resistance, study of immunomodulatory activities, disease model studies, protease isolation against specific protein antigens, study of novel compounds via the hyphenated techniques of GCMS, HPLC, FTIR-MS, etc., and the discipline of kalology, including tyrosinase inhibition, PPO inhibition, skin whitening agents, kerato-peeling, etc. Dr. Ashfaq is a scientist, doctoral researcher, reviewer, and editorial member of several journals and books of national and international repute. He has contributed extensively to scientific literature by publishing his research in journals of national and international repute. So far he has published more than forty infection/immunology/pharmacology scientific papers in Scopus and SCI-indexed journals, including two international books. In recognition of his contributions, Dr. Shah received the Young Scientist Award in August 2023 for his groundbreaking academic performance in the field of infection immunity. Dr. Shah has also been an active editor of Wikipedia pages in the field of medical science since 2015, with more than 1000 edits in medical topics available to medical literature worldwide.
Dr Singh is working as an Additional Professor of Radiology. Besides specializing in medical Imaging, he has received certifications in Global Health, Science Diplomacy and Biomedical Research. His areas of interest and expertise are as follows: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, Medicine, Health, Public Health, Global Health, Health Policy, Health Systems, evidence-based healthcare and Healthcare leadership.
Dr. Mamta Agrawal
BSc. (Maths, Physics, Chemistry), MSc. (Mathematics),
DCA (Diploma in computer applications)
MCA (Masters in computer applications)
PHD (Mathematics and Computational Biology)
POST DOC (Mathematics and Computational Biology)
completed two research projects: 1. WOS-A (DST New Delhi) 2. Indo-Austria research Projuect (DST-BMWF)
Visited Abrod four countries Thiland, South Korea, Austria, Nepal
Paper Pulication-18
ChpterPublication-1
Book Publication-1
Patent- going on
Dr. Shreshth Chhabra holds a PhD degree in Labour welfare. He has a teaching experience of almost 21 years and taught at undergraduate, Post graduate, Executive Programme, PhD coursework level and guided research projecs. In his present assignment, he is associated with DCBS, an affiliate college of De Montfort University, UK. He was associated with a Renaissance university as Coordinator Research wing and PhD supervisor. He has published in national and international Journals, Conferences and dailies. He is associated as reviewer in two international prestigious journals – Global Journal of Labour, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa and Journal of HRM, Science publishing group, New York, USA. He has conducted MDPs for MSME , State Electricity Board, Police and other corporate as well. He has been recognized by Rotary Club, Amity Business School and EMG-SSM Trust.
Prof. Khader has spent more than 30 years researching economic empowerment of Rural, Farm, Fisher and Tribal Women. Gender aspects underpins her research on livelihoods, food and nutrition security, growth and well-being of community.
International Development Research Centre (IDRC)
I have researched and published extensively on informal sector workers, especially women workers and I understand the their precarity of work and lives. I have also been working on the vulnerability of Internally Displaced People and those affected by mass sectarian violence. COVID-19 impacts these groups very significantly and in very specific ways.
After spending three years of my life in the field of science communication, somewhere I found a bit shortage of women in the field of science. There could be more women in science if we support them. Working in the field of awareness and communication especially areas related to women. Disseminating science through various media including science communication through cartoons. I found communicating important aspects through popular science articles to be most fascinating.
Biomaterials Scientist working on surface engineering of medical implants used for the replacement of hip knee, cardiac and dental .
I have nearly two decades of professional experience studying the changing trends in the world of work. This includes a specialized focus on how trends like technology, urbanization, restructuring of trade into global value chains, migration and climate change affect women’s work, and the opportunities and challenges that women face to equal and productive participation in labour markets.
1. An Applied Statistician and Operation Research specialist with 35 years of
experience in academic teaching, corporate consultancy, and professional
training.
2. Conducted sessions for women and senior citizens on mental health and coping skills.
3. An awardee of the Statistical Capacity Building award by the World
Bank.
4. Published technical articles in reputed journals as well as authored books and book chapters
5. Published author with nearly 3600 articles in leading newspapers and magazines in India.
Dr NK Prasanna is currently working as Principal Scientist & Editor, Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Research Journals Division at CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, New Delhi. Before joining CSIR (NIScPR), she was at IIT Guwahati. Dr Prasanna completed her Ph.D from Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.
In CSIR-NIScPR, She served one important flagship journals viz. Indian journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IJBB; ISSN: 0301-1208). IJBB is a premier Scopus-indexed monthly peer-reviewed research journal that publishes original research articles in the subject area of biochemistry and biophysics
Aparna B. Gunjal is a microbiologist at Dr. D.Y. Patil, Arts, Commerce & Science College, India.
Dr.Ms.Aruna Dhathathreyan is a professor and emeritus scientist at the Advanced Materials Lab, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, India.
Giants in history
Physicist and statistician Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis (29 June 1893– 28 June 1972), who founded the Indian Statistical Institute in 1931, is known for his pioneering application of statistics to practical problems.
Sálim Moizuddin Abdul Ali (12 November 1896 – 20 June 1987), commonly referred to as the Birdman of India, was the first person to conduct systematic surveys of birds from across India.
Indian botanist Shipra Guha-Mukherjee (13 July 1938 – 15 September 2007) made a breakthrough discovery that enabled the genetic study of plants and, by extension, the development of improved varieties of rice, wheat, potatoes, and other crops.
The founder of the Adyar Cancer Institute in India, Muthulakshmi Reddy (30 July 1886 – 22 July 1968), fought to uplift women and girls from impoverished situations.
Maharani Chakravorty (1937 – 2015) was one of India’s earliest molecular biologists whose research paved the way for advances in the treatment of bacterial and viral infections.
Archana Sharma (16 February 1932 - 14 January 2008) conducted research into plant and human genetics that expanded the understanding of both botany and human health. In relation to botany, she uncovered the means by which asexually-reproducing plants evolve into new species.
Anna Mani (23 August 1918 – 16 August 2001) was an Indian meteorologist who contributed significantly to the understanding of solar radiation, ozone and wind energy by developing a wide range of measurement tools. One of India’s pioneering female scientists, Mani excelled in the male-dominated area of meteorology and became the Deputy Director-General of the India Meteorological Department.
Bibha Chowdhuri (1913 – 2 June 1991) was an Indian physicist who researched on particle physics and cosmic rays. In 1936, she was the only female to complete a M.Sc. degree at the University of Calcutta.
Rajeshwari Chatterjee (24 January 1922 – 3 September 2010) was the first female engineer from Karnataka in India.
Gopalasamudram Narayanan Ramachandran (8 October 1922 – 7 April 2001) is best known for developing the Ramachandran plot to understand the structure of short chains of amino acids, known as peptides.
Srinivasa Ramanujan (22 December 1887 – 26 April 1920) was a math prodigy and widely considered one of India’s greatest mathematicians. Despite having almost no formal training in mathematics, he made substantial contributions to mathematical analysis, number theory, infinite series and continued fractions.
Janaki Ammal Edavalath Kakkat (4 November 1897 – 7 February 1984) was an Indian botanist who studied plant chromosomes and genetics.
Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (7 November 1888 – 21 November 1970) was an Indian physicist who performed ground-breaking research in the field of light-scattering.
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (19 October 1910 – 21 August 1995) was an Indian astrophysicist who studied the structure and evolution of stars.
Meghnad Saha (6 October 1893 – 16 February 1956) was an Indian astrophysicist best known for formulating the Saha ionization equation which describes the chemical and physical properties of stars.
Indian organic chemist Asima Chatterjee (1917 to 2006) studied the medicinal properties of plant products, especially compounds known as vinca alkaloids.
Physicist Narinder Singh Kapany (31 October 1926 – 4 December 2020) pioneered the use of optical fibres to transmit images, and founded several optical technology companies. Born in Punjab, India, he worked at a local optical instruments factory before moving to London for PhD studies at Imperial College. There, he devised a flexible fibrescope to convey images along bundles of glass fibres.
In 1939, biochemist Kamala Sohonie (18 June 1911 – 28 June 1998) became the first woman to be accepted into the Indian Institute of Science (IISc).
Indian scientist and physician Upendranath Brahmachari (19 December 1873–6 February 1946) is best known for creating a drug called Urea Stibamine, used to safely and reliably treat visceral leishmaniasis (or Kala-azar), a severe infection caused by the Leishmania parasite.
Birbal Sahni (14 November 1891 – 10 April 1949), a pioneer of Indian palaeobotanical research, and founder of what is now the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences in Lucknow, made multiple contributions to the study of prehistoric plants. These include the discovery of a new group of fossil gymnosperms (named Pentoxylae), reconstruction of the extinct Williamsonia sewardiana plant, and description of a new type of petrified wood from the Jurassic age.
Ground-breaking cancer researcher Kamal Jayasing Ranadive (8 November 1917 – 11 April 2001) advanced the understanding of the causes of leukaemia, breast cancer and oesophageal cancer through the use of animal models. She was also among the first to recognise how susceptibility to cancer is linked to tumour-causing interactions between hormones and viruses.
Sir Mokshagundam Srinivasa Shastry Vishveshwarayya (15 September 1860 – 14 April 1962) is widely regarded as India’s most outstanding engineer. In a career that spanned almost his entire life, Vishveshwarayya played a pivotal role in several engineering projects, including designing the Krishnarajasagara dam that is still the source of irrigation and drinking water for parts of Karnataka today.
A pioneer of bio-organic chemistry, Darshan Ranganathan (4 June 1941 – 4 June 2001) is remembered for developing a protocol for synthesising imidazole, a compound used to make antifungal drugs and antibiotics. Widely considered India’s most prolific researcher in chemistry, she also published dozens of papers in renowned journals on protein folding, molecular design, chemical simulation of key biological processes, and the synthesis of functional hybrid peptides and nanotubes.